# Quick Start Guide
Hi there! In this article, you will read introductory information about playing and creating the game in MANU.
When you download and install the MANU engine. Launch it and press **Create New**. You can create new project from one of our templates. To know how to open the existing projects, go to [Welcome Screen](/learn/manual/welcome-screen).
This time choose **Platformer Kit** from **Platformer** category. After that, you will open a project that already has game objects and customized animations. You can test the **Game Mode** and even modify the project as you want. So, let’s start!
## Overview of UI
In MANU, by default, all projects open in *Edit Mode*. The central panel on the top of the workspace has 3 different tabs with different modes of the game: *Edit Mode*, *Animation Mode* and *Game Mode* (to know more, go to [Workspace Modes](/learn/manual/workspace-modes)).
The left panel contains the main menu button with the program options, a toggle for the **Project Panel** and the **Scene Tree** with all scene objects. The button opens **Asset Browser**, which contains all prefabs created in the project or imported from Asset Store. And a button that opens the **Game Flow** and **State Machine** editor canvas.
Whenever you select any object in the scene, the **Inspector** and **Transform Gizmo Panel** appear with the Snapping grid control. The **Inspector** contains all the information related to the selected object: [Properties](/learn/manual/workspace-modes/edit-mode#properties), [Material](/learn/manual/materials), [Physics](/learn/manual/physics), [Variables](/learn/manual/variables). To know more about each related tab, click on them.
The **Gizmo Panel** is used for switching between gizmo types: **Move**, **Rotate**, **Scale**, and **Collider**. Gizmos allow you to manipulate selected objects right in the scene. By default, the **Move Gizmo** is selected, which also includes move by step settings: **Move smoothly**, **Move by 1** and **Move by 10**. *Move smoothly* is selected by default; you can change it as needed. The **Rotate Gizmo** also includes settings which allow you to adjust the rotation by selecting different options. To know more about the **Gizmo Panel**, visit [Using 3D Gizmo to Manipulate Objects](/learn/manual/workspace-modes/edit-mode#using-3d-gizmo-to-manipulate-objects).
In **Animation Mode**, you can see 2 panels. The left panel is the same as in the **Edit Mode**. However, there are some options that are only available in **Animation Mode** and do not work in **Edit Mode**; and vice versa, options that are available in **Edit Mode** do not work in **Animation Mode**. You can find all available animations in the **Scene Tree***.* The bottom panel is contextual and only visible when you choose the animation from the list. It has 2 tabs **Timeline** and **Triggers**. Both are related to the selected animation. To know more, go to [Timeline](/learn/manual/timeline) and [Triggers](/learn/manual/triggers).
## How to control the scene view camera
The usage of the scene view camera will help you to see the scene from multiple angles. MANU offers several ways to move the camera around:
* To orbit around the selection object, use `ALT + LMB Drag`
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* To zoom, just use the mouse wheel
* To pan and move in any directions, use `SPACE + LMB Drag`
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* To focus on the selected object, double click on it in the *scene tree* or press `F`
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Now is your turn, try to play around with the camera. More shortcuts for controlling the camera you can find here [Keyboard shortcuts](/learn/keyboard-shortcuts).
## Game Time
MANU provides *Platformer Kit* as one of templates, that you can use as a great starting point to develop your own game project. The template is designed for playing in the genre of side-scroller platformer. It contains basic objects, from which more complex objects are created. The template represents a polygon based on which you can create a new level of the game.
In **Game Mode**, you will see the **Main Character** who can move left or right. To know more, see the article about [Main Character](/learn/manual/main-character).
The main character's task is to pass all the obstacles, collect crystals, find the key and free his friend from the house with the key. At the top of the main character's head, you will see hints on how to overcome obstacles and cope with tasks.
The walking mechanic is controlled by the `Right arrow` and `Left arrow` keys in the *Game Mode*. The jumping mechanic is controlled by a `SPACE` key. To double jump, hit `SPACE` twice. To complete the wall jump, hold the `Right arrow` or `Left arrow` keys and hit `SPACE`. To use the crouch mechanic, hit `C + Right arrow` or `C + Left arrow`. That’s all you need to know to pass this level successfully. Let’s play!
{% embed url="" %}
## From the Template to a New Game Project
You can use this template for your Game Project. But first, let’s observe some components of the *Scene*.
The example level is created from prefab objects as it is easy to modify them. The **Prefab** object is kind of a template from which you can create new **Prefab** instances in the scene. To know how to create **Prefabs** and to know more about them go to [Assets](/learn/manual/assets). When an object is converted to a *Prefab*, all its properties are synchronized between all the prefab instances. If you make changes to any copy of the prefab, then the changes will affect all interrelated prefabs. For example, if you decide to change the color of one tree, then the prefab trees will sync with the modified tree.
## **How to build a house?**
The houses and trees perform mostly a decorative function in the scene. The process of building a house is creative and largely depends on your preferences. You can easily copy the existing one or you can use the components that are located at the right of the scene. All parts of the house are modular and easy to join to each other. Use gizmos on the **Gizmo Panel** to perform manipulations with selected objects. You can also adjust the **Move Gizmo** settings by selecting either **Move** **smoothly**, **Move by 1** or **Move by 10**. If **Move smoothly** is selected, it will move the object around the scene smoothly. **Move by 1** and **Move by 10** options allow you to define the distance for movement. For example, if you choose **Move by 1***,* the selected object will move in increments of 1 meter. After selecting the number, use gizmo arrows to connect parts of the house together.
**Physics** is not applied to the parts of the house; therefore, the **Main Character** can simply walk through the house, if you decide to build it on his way. However, if you add **Physics** to it (you can easily do it if you go to the right panel and click on the **Physics tab**), thеn the **Main Character** won't be able to go through the house; he will have to jump over it.
{% embed url="" %}
However, there is no need to enable physics for the whole house. Moreover, a large number of physical objects in the Scene can lead to high CPU usage. If you need to make a certain wall impassable, we recommend that you add a **Collider** with the **Static** type of rigid body and place it next to the desired wall. For example, the **Collider** was used to build **House 1** in this template.
{% embed url="" %}
## Blocks with physics
Blocks with physics are used to create the obstacle course for the **Main Character**. He can jump on the block, but he can't pass through it, because the block has the Static type of rigid body. All objects with physics will be impenetrable to the **Main Character** except objects with the *Ghost* rigid body. To know more, read [Physics](/learn/manual/physics).
Let’s copy a block with physics "Floor\_4x4\_Block" and put it on the main character’s way. As you can see, the **Main Character** can’t go through it.
{% embed url="" %}
The **Physics** tab contains a list of physical properties of an object, such as type of the rigid body, collider, friction, bounciness and other parameters. The block we selected is a static object; it has certain friction and bounciness values, collider; and it is possible to hang on it. You can change all these properties according to your preference. To know about types of Physics and their settings, go [here](/learn/manual/physics).
## **Hierarchy in the Scene Tree**
Creating a hierarchy in the **Scene Tree** allows you to move/copy/duplicate everything that is included in a single folder, such as "House" or "Trap Base". For example, "Trap Pike", "Animation" and "Attack" are nested in the "Trap Base". Try to move the "Trap Base" using the gizmo arrows; and you will see how the entire structure of the "Trap Base" moves with everything that is included in it. Hierarchy allows you to establish parent-child relationships between objects in the *Scene*. To know more, go to [Scene Tree](/learn/manual/scene-panel).
{% embed url="" %}
The "Trap Saw" is also an example of using a hierarchy. Select "Trap Saw" in the "Scene Tree" by double-clicking; and you will see that you can move the entire structure, everything that is placed in the "Trap Saw" folder.
Houses are compound objects as well. They consist of walls, roofs, windows and doors. All objects of one house are placed in the House folder. If you make any manipulations with the House folder in the **Scene Tree**, it will also affect the whole building. If you delete the main House folder, the house will disappear from the *Scene*.
## **Animated objects and their modifications**
There are plenty of animated objects in the **Scene**, such as pikes, saws, crystals, the key, the elevator and the door. Let's look at the main objects and their animations.
Some objects are grouped together and represent the model. Now let's see how the main models are assembled and how their animations work.
### **Crystals**
Let's look at the crystal and what kind of animations it has. Switch to **Animation Mode** and open "Yellow Crystal" in the **Scene Tree**. The folder contains 2 animations: "Idle" and "Picked". The "Idle" animation has 2 tracks: **Position Y** and **Rotation Y**.
**Position Y** sets the movement of the object up and down. All keyframes here have the specific coordinate values of the crystal on the Y-axis. If you hover over the keyframes on this track you will see their absolute values.
**Rotation Y** launches the rotation of a crystal around its axis. This track has a more complex animation method. It uses the formula `origin+180` to assign the value to the following keyframe. `origin` value is equal to the current value from the scene. The use of this formula leads to the rotation of the crystal.
Let's move on to the "Picked" animation. "Picked" launches what should happen when a character grabs a crystal. The crystal will disappear and make a sound.
As you can see, "Picked" has a sound track with specific audio that is output to the master channel.
{% embed url="" %}
### Saw
Now let's look at the construction of "Trap\_Saw".
It includes "Trap Saw" and "Trap Razor" folders. Two "Columns" and "Trap Gear" are placed in the "Trap Saw". Here, the "Columns" are used as the saw axle. The whole folder is animated by the "Move" animation. All three objects move together because they are all inserted in one folder. If you need to animate several objects, it is reasonable to put them in one folder and animate this folder. It makes sense to combine objects into folders when you need to subordinate several objects to some actions, such as animation.
The "Move" animation has 2 tracks. The *Position Y* track sets the movement of the "Trap Saw" by using keyframes with absolute values. The audio track has a sound that is output to a specific speaker located in the same hierarchy/folder as the "Saw". Therefore, you will be able to hear the sound when the main character is near the "Saw".
{% embed url="" %}
### **Pikes**
Let's look at the **"**Pike" and what it is made of and what kind of animations it has. The pike consists of 2 objects. It has a "Trap Base" and a "Trap Pike". The "Trap Pike" is inserted into the "Trap Base". Let's see the "Attack" animation.
Let's see what the "Attack" animation includes. As you can see, in this animation, another animation is played. The "Attack" consists of the *inserted animation* "Hurt", to view it you need to go to the "Main Character" folder. Follow this path to find it: "Main Character" / "Main Character Body" / "Animations for states" / "Hurt". In this case, "Attack" plays the "Hurt" animation.
### **Key**
Let's look at the animation that was created for the **"**Key". Find the key in scene and click "Follow" animation in the **Scene Tree**. "Follow" animation uses system formulas and launches what should happen to the key when it is picked up by the "Main Character". The key will start moving with the "Main Character" above his head in the scene. To know more about formulas, which you can use in the keyframes to set up custom behaviours, go [here](/learn/formulas).
If you hover over keyframes, you can see the system formulas that were used to create the animation "Follow".
### **Quest Completed**
Now, we suggest you take a look at the **"**Quest Completed" animation. Here, "Quest Completed" is a cut-scene animation where the "Main Character" saves another character. Go through the animation panel, and you will see what you can do in MANU. You can create large complex animations using different types of animation tracks.
{% embed url="" %}
## **Import and create animation for custom model**
Now let’s create the animation for a new object.
{% file src="/files/-MY\_iRx-UE9TeadepPLV" %}
coin\_with\_star\_icon
{% endfile %}
In **Edit Mode**, deselect all objects. Hit the `Main Menu` button and import the "coin\_with\_star\_icon.obj" from your computer . To know more about how to do it, go here [How to Import the Object](/learn/manual/importing-3d-objects).
The imported object will appear right in the center of the Scene in position 0,0,0. Click on the folder "coin\_with\_star\_icon" in the *Scene Tree* and use *Move Gizmo* to transfer it wherever you need it in the scene.
Let's put it in front of the "Main Character". Look at the *Inspector* , and you will see that position values for the "coin\_with\_star\_icon" have changed. Then select "coin" and let’s see and remember **Position Y** for the "coin".
Now hit the **Physics** tab on the **Inspector** to enable physics for the new object and choose **Ghost** for its rigid body. Note, only **Kinematic** and **Ghost** rigid bodies can be animated. For the ghost objects, you can choose a suitable collider and its size. To know more about physics, ghost objects and collider types, go to [Physics](/learn/manual/physics).
Switch to **Animation Mode***.* Select "coin\_with\_star\_icon" in the **Screen Tree** and by right-clicking choose `Create Animation`. A new animation will be created within the folder and the Timeline panel will appear at the bottom of the screen.
We will animate "сoin"; therefore, hover over the "coin" on the **Scene tree** and by right-clicking choose `Add to Timeline`.
Let's make the "coin" move up and down. To do it, you need to add a track that will determine the moving of the "coin" along the Y-axis. If you hover over the coin track, a button `Add New Animated Track` will appear there.
Then you need to select **Position Y** in **Properties**. Now, we can see its place on the Y-axis. The first keyframe shows the current value from the scene. If you hover over this point the word origin will appear. **Origin** value is equal to the current value from the scene. You can use the system formulas to create the animation. To make it clear, let’s set the absolute value for the keyframes on the track. Switch to the **Edit Mode** and click on the "coin"; then look at the **Inspector** and what value is set for its **Position Y**. It is important to know since we will animate the coordinate values in which this coin is located (the values that we see in the **Inspector**). As you can see, the **Position Y** value is equal to `0`. Let’s use it for the first keyframe.
So, switch to the **Animation Mode** again, find our animation in the **Scene Tree**, and instead of the word `origin` type `0`.
Hover over the animation track to select a time point at which you want to set another keyframe. Let's set the keyframe for 1 second. At the new time point set the value `1`, then, extend the track to 2 seconds and set `0` as the value of position Y. To loop the animation, the end of the animation must coincide with the beginning of the animation. To enable the loop for the animation, you need to click on the **Loop** button.
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You can drag the keyframe to change the time value. The orange vertical bar is the **Timeline Playhead**; you can move it and see how the animation works at the exact time point. Hit the `Play` button on the timeline to see how the animation plays. To know more about the Timeline, go [here](/learn/manual/timeline).
Let’s make the "coin" rotate. Add another track that sets the rotation of the coin around its axis. Hover over the "coin" in the timeline and add Rotation Y properties. The first keyframe with origin value (current value from the scene) will appear.
To set the second keyframe use the system formula: `origin + 360`. To know more about system formulas, go to [Formulas](/learn/formulas). Let's set the second keyframe for 2 seconds to make this track the same length as the first one.
{% embed url="" %}
For an animation to be launched in the game, you have to set up a trigger for it. Triggers are set up in the **Triggers** tab, which is located next to the **Timeline** tab. Now let's try to set up a trigger that will trigger animation for the "coin". Hit the **Trigger** tab and you will see the **Triggers Panel**.
To add triggers, click on the icon `Add New Trigger` and you will see the types of triggers that you can use to start the animation. For more information about Triggers, please refer to the [Triggers](/learn/manual/triggers) section.
To start the animation, we have created, select the `On Launch Scene` trigger, which means that our animation will start as soon as the game starts. Let's now launch the game and see what we've got.
{% embed url="" %}
Now, try to experiment with the "coin" and create your animation for it.
After you finish with the animation set up you can turn the "coin\_with\_star\_icon" into a prefab. Prefabs allow you to create, configure, and store an object complete with all its components, property values, and child objects as a reusable asset. More information about prefabs [here](/learn/manual/assets). To create a prefab, in **Edit Mode**, go to the **Scene Tree**, hover over "coin\_with\_star\_icon", and select `Create Prefab` from the contextual menu by right-clicking.
Now you can duplicate the prefab and move the prefab’s instances by **Move Gizmo**. To duplicate a prefab, select the prefab and choose the `Duplicate` option from the contextual menu.
As you can see the prefab and its copies have the same folder contents. Now try to change the color of one "coin". To do it select "coin" in any copy of prefab, go to the **Materials** tab. All changes completed to material and physics settings will be automatically applied to all other instances of a prefab group. However, you can freely place different prefabs instances around the game, because it does not apply to the transform settings.
## **Next level game project**
A few more tips before you go to create your game project.
To select an object, press `ALT` and click on the object (without `ALT`, a group of objects will be selected). To place the selected object in the center of viewport, click on `F` or double-click on the object on the *Screen Tree*.
To move the object, simply select it in the scene, switch to **Move Gizmo** on the top center and use arrows. You also can use the **Transform Section** in **Inspector** to move precisely. To move the object in two directions at the same time, just hit the square of the specific sides and move your mouse. To know more about **Gizmo Panel**, go to [Using 3D Gizmo to Manipulate Objects](/learn/manual/workspace-modes/edit-mode#using-3d-gizmo-to-manipulate-objects).
To remove objects, select them in the scene and press `DELETE` key or select them in the **Scene Tree** and choose the `Delete` option by right-clicking. You also can copy and duplicate them in the *S***cene Tree**.
To add new objects, go to the **Library** on the left panel or import them using the **Main Menu**.
Now you know everything about how to diversify this example project and make your own game. Try adding more pikes, animate them as you want, drag the saws, delete or duplicate crystals, add new objects and swap existing ones. By means of MANU tools, you can easily do it, just use your imagination. Nail it!
## Save and export project
To save the current project, go to `Main Menu` > `File` > `Save` or use shortcut `CMD + S` on macOS / `CTRL + S` on windows.
To export this project into a finished (ready-to-play) game go to `Main Menu` > `File` > `Export to Game Store` or use shortcut.
In the export window that opens, you will be prompted to enter your game's **Manu Marketplace** download code. Please follow the link provided in the instructions or the link [manu.org](https://manu.org)
If you're not already registered with **Manu Markeplace**, it shouldn't take more than 30 seconds. Then click on the profile icon, in the upper right corner next to your nickname. From the drop-down menu, select **Games**.
Click **Create new game** to create a new game profile.
Create a game profile by filling out the "*Game Name*", "*Categories*" fields and add a description for your game in the "*Description*" field. After that, click on the **Generate** icon in the "Generate code for export from Manu" field and copy it to the clipboard using the **Copy to clipboard** button next to it.
Go back to the Manu export window and paste the copied code into the "*Enter code*" field by clicking on the **Paste from clipboard** icon to the right of the field. Click on the unlocked **Export Game** button.
Wait for the game to upload to Manu Marketplace.
Go back to your game's profile on **Manu Marketplace** and in the game file management block that appears, you'll see that a **Launch** button has appeared, and under it a **Publish** switch. Once the **Publish** switch is enabled, your game will become available to other users.
You can find your game in the catalog in the category specified in your profile.
Any wants to play your game, including you, must to download Manu Game Launcher first. You will find it on [Launcher download page](https://manu.org/launcher) on Manu Marketplace.∂
## Sharing results and receiving feedback
Now, you can share your results with your friends. Suggest them to play the game that was created by you. Don't forget to share with us as well. Publish your game project on [Discord](http://download.manu.co/JoinDiscord) and social media. Don’t forget to use the hashtag **#madewithmanu** and you will definitely receive feedback and comments from us! Keep up to date with all MANU news, connect and stay in touch by following us on social media.
* [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/manuvideogamemaker/)
* [Youtube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCS9N0xkRVt5KA6CDEmlkmKQ)
* [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/manuvideogamemaker/)
* [Twitter](https://twitter.com/manugamemaker)
* [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/manuvideogamemaker/)
Congratulations on your first achievement with MANU! Way to go!
# Manual
# Installing MANU
Guidelines for installing MANU on Windows and MacOS
To install the MANU application, go to our[ website](https://manu.co/), click on the **Free download** button.
Then, select your operating system, fill out the sign-up form, then click on **Free Download**
{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Windows" %}
Once you downloaded the MANU archive, extract the files from the archive to any folder, and run the MANU.exe file.
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="macOS" %}
To install an Application from a DMG file, please follow the steps below:
* Double click the DMG to make it's content available.
* Drag the MANU application to the Applications folder (may need an administrator password).
* Wait for the copy process to finish.
* Eject the DMG (by clicking the eject button in the Sidebar).
* You can delete the DMG from Downloads.
* Launch app. More information here
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}
# Welcome Screen
This is a quick overview of the Welcome Screen menu in MANU Game Maker.
Welcome Screen is designed to help you get started with MANU.
## Interface Overview
The header of the Welcome Screen includes the version and build number of the MANU application you are currently using. You can use this information if you would like to report a bug or issue with MANU. The MANU version and build number changes as we release new updates.
The left panel of the Welcome Screen shows a list of recent projects. Please note that if you open the MANU app for the first time, the fields for recent projects will be empty.
The left panel of the Welcome Screen screen contains four sections with links to **Game Store**, **Asset Store**, **Video Tutorials** and **MANU** **Manual**. These sections are designed to help you get started with MANU.
## Creating a New Project
To create a new project, click the **Create New Project** button.
## Opening Existing Project
To open an existing project, click **Open Existing Project** button.
## Game Store
In the MANU Marketplace you can play games created on the MANU engine. You can also post your games and make them available to the community of players and game creators.
## Asset Store
Use the Assets created by the MANU development community to create games faster, learn the mechanics and algorithms needed to create game objects. Share your work with the community by uploading your tapes.
## Video Tutorials
Watch a video tutorial that explains basic and advanced game creation techniques in MANU in an easy to understand way. Use them to quickly get started creating games.
## Manual
In the manual you will get comprehensive information on the MANU engine and all its features, tools and functionality.
## Social Networks
In MANU our community means a lot to us. Stay connected with us by joining our social media groups.
Leave your impressions of using MANU, share your skills and ideas, report any bugs you find.
* [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/manuvideogamemaker/)
* [Discord](http://download.manu.co/JoinDiscord)
* [Youtube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCS9N0xkRVt5KA6CDEmlkmKQ)
* [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/manuvideogamemaker/)
* [Twitter](https://twitter.com/manugamemaker)
* [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/manuvideogamemaker/)
* [Email](mailto:manu@manu.co)
# Workspace Modes
This is an overview of workspace modes in MANU Game Maker.
This section introduces a general overview of each mode and how to navigate within them. The `Main Menu` button is available in each mode to access the program options.
MANU workspace offers three major modes:
1. Edit mode.
2. Animation mode.
3. Game mode.
# Edit Mode
Edit mode is a workspace where you can add objects into your game and modify their properties.
The left panel in Edit mode contains the Scene Tree that includes a list of all objects in the scene, the Library tab used to insert default objects into the scene, and Assets include a list of meshes, textures, sounds, and prefabs used in the project.
The Inspector panel is located in the right side of the workspace. The Inspector panel is contextual, it appears when a supported object in the scene is being selected. The view of available parameters and tabs displayed in the Inspector panel changes, depending on what type of object is being selected. Generally, the Inspector panel includes four tabs:
1. Properties
2. Material
3. Physics
4. Variable
Let’s have a quick look at each of them.
### Properties
Properties represent a list of properties of a particular object selected in the scene.
### Material
The Material tab includes material properties of an object, such as color, shader, and texture.
### Physics
The Physics tab contains a list of physical properties of an object, such as type of the rigid body, collider and other parameters.
### Variables
The variables tab is designed to add a custom variable to an object. Any object can have a custom variable of your choice that you can apply in the animation timeline.
## Navigation in the 3D Space
There are a variety of ways in which to navigate the 3D space within the Edit mode, also known as MANU viewport. A viewport is your window into the 3D game worlds you create in MANU.
Note, that the camera viewport changes, depending on what type of the main camera projection is selected. There are two types of projection in MANU: Perspective and Orthographic. To learn more about projections, go to [Main Camera](broken://pages/-MIO0PWrhxuQ4WC1hCM6). In MANU, the default type of projection is perspective.
Camera viewport can be navigated entirely with the mouse, with the keyboard, with the trackpad, or with a variety of combinations between them. It can also be managed in both the Edit and Animation modes. There are multiple ways of controlling the camera viewport that apply to both types of projection. These controls include camera pan and zoom, camera fly rotate, camera fly orbit, camera alignment and focusing. Let’s have a closer look at navigation controls for each of them.
### Camera Pan and Dolly Zoom
Panning moves the camera either horizontally or vertically from one side to another on a central axis. Use `A` or `D` to pan the camera viewport horizontally, and `Q` or `E` - to move it vertically. Alternatively, hit `SPACE+ LMB Drag`.
Dolly Zoom is the type of effect where the camera simultaneously moves towards a target object and zooms out from it. To dolly zoom, the camera viewport, use the mouse `WHEEL UP` or `WHEEL DOWN` or `TWO FINGER SCROLL` on the touchpad.
### Camera Fly Rotate
To rotate the camera using a mouse, use `RMB + Drag`. Alternatively, hold `SHIFT + W/A/S/D` to orbit the camera up, left, down, and right respectively.
### Camera Fly Orbit
To orbit the camera around the selected object, select the object, hold `ALT + LMB Drag`. To perform the same action using a keyboard, hold `ALT + W/A/S/D` keys to orbit the camera up, left, down and right respectively.
### Camera Viewport Alignment
In addition to the navigation controls described above, there is another viewport control you can use to align the camera to Top, Side, and Front - a View cube. It is available at the bottom right corner of the Edit mode. Hold `ALT` and clicking on the edges or faces of the view cube rotates the camera viewport around the target object. It also allows you to use `LMB + Drag` the cube's faces to rotate the viewport to any custom angle.
### Focusing
In MANU, you can focus on any object in your scene by double-clicking on it in the scene tree. Also you can select object and press `F` .
## Using 3D Gizmo to Manipulate Objects
3D Gizmo is used to give visual setup aids available in the Edit mode. In MANU, 3D gizmo provides help to manipulate selected objects right in the scene along a 3D axis or plane. There are various types of gizmo that can be selected in the 3D gizmo panel, such as Move, Rotate, Scale, and Collider.
By default, gizmos are displayed automatically when you select an object in the Edit mode. To select the object, click on it in the scene or select it from the Scene tree.
{% embed url="" %}
Since gizmos constrain modifications along specific axes, they help ensure more predictable results. You can specify which gizmos are displayed when an object is selected using the 3D Gizmo panel.
Note, that if one of the 3D gizmos is selected: Move, Scale, or Rotate, the Properties tab will be displayed in the Inspector. Also, if you select the properties tab, the previously selected 3D gizmo will be displayed in the Edit mode.
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By default, the gizmo is initially placed in the center of the selected object or a group. The center box of the gizmo sets the base point for object modification. The axis handles on the gizmo constrain the movement, scale, or rotation to an axis (X, Y, Z). The axes square on the gizmo constrains the movement or scale to two relative axes (XY, YZ, XZ).
It is worth noting that some Library objects do not have the default 3D Gizmo. For example, if you add a spotlight into the scene, it will have Move and Rotate gizmo in Edit mode. Similarly, a point light would display a Move gizmo only. Generally, the displayed types of available 3D Gizmo depend on the type of selected object. Let’s have a closer look at the description below about each 3D Gizmo.
### Move Gizmo
Move Gizmo is a default type of gizmo in MANU. Move gizmo relocates selected objects along an axis or plane. You can use this gizmo to constrain the movement to an axis or plane.
To use Move gizmo, select the object in the scene, switch to Move gizmo in the 3D Gizmo Panel. As the cursor hovers over an axis handle on the gizmo, the specified axis turns yellow. Click the axis handle. As you drag the cursor using the LMB, the movement of the selected objects and subobjects is constrained to the highlighted axis.
You can use the 3D Move gizmo to constrain the movement to a plane. Each plane is identified by an axes square between the respective axis handles. You can specify the plane of movement by moving the cursor over the axes square. When the square turns yellow, click it. As you drag the cursor, the selected objects and subobjects move only along the highlighted plane for XY, YZ, or XZ axes.
To move the object precisely, input the position values for XYZ axes in the Transform panel.
You can also adjust the Move gizmo settings by selecting either Smooth opting or entering a custom value of your own. If smooth is selected, it will move the object around the scene smoothly. Entering the custom values (in meters) allow you to define the distance for movement. For example, if you put “1”, it will move the selected object by 1 meter. This feature is helpful if you are working on a big scene, it allows you to move objects around the scene quicker as opposed to using the smooth option.
### Rotate Gizmo
Rotate Gizmo rotates selected objects about a specified axis. It allows you to constrain the rotation of 3D objects and subobjects to an axis. To rotate the object, select it from the 3D view or scene tree, then switch to the Rotation gizmo in the 3D Gizmo panel. After you select the rotation, 3D gizmo is displayed at the center of the selection set. You can constrain the rotation to a specified axis. As you move the cursor over the rotation paths on the 3D Rotate gizmo, a vector line representing the axis of rotation is displayed. Specify an axis of rotation by clicking the rotation path when it turns yellow. When you drag the cursor using the LMB, the selected objects and subobjects rotate about its base along the specified axis (XYZ).
For precise rotation, go to the Inspector tab and input the rotation values for XYZ axes.
Similarly to Move gizmo settings, there are Rotation gizmo settings. You can use them to adjust the rotation by selecting either Smooth option or entering a custom value of your own. If smooth is selected, it will rotate the object around its base smoothly. Entering the custom values allow you to define the degree for rotation. For example, if you put “45”, it will rotate the selected object by 45 degrees.
### Scale Gizmo
Scale Gizmo scales selected objects along a specified plane or axis, or uniformly along all 3 axes. To scale the object, select it from the scene tree or in the 3D view and switch to the Scale gizmo in the 3D Gizmo panel. After you select the objects and subobjects to scale, constrain the object scaling by clicking the 3D gizmo axis, or plane (axes square).
To constrain object scaling to a specified axis, move the cursor over an axis handle on the 3D Scale gizmo, specify an axis by clicking the axis when it turns yellow. When you drag the cursor using the LMB, the selected objects and subobjects are resized along the specified axis.
Also, you can constrain the object scaling to a specified plane. Each plane is identified by an axes square between the respective axis handles. Specify the plane of scale by moving the cursor over one of the axes square. When the axes square turns yellow, click it. Similarly to moving the object, as you drag the cursor, the selected objects and subobjects are scaled only along the highlighted plane for XY, YZ, or XZ axes.
Additionally, you can also lock the object's size proportions in the Inspector tab to scale all values proportionally at the same time.
### Collider Gizmo
Collider Gizmo is displayed when the selected object is physical. To add physics to the selected object, go to the Physics tab in the Inspector panel and click YES for Physical. Collider gizmo relocates the selected object’s collider along an axis or plane. When the collider gizmo is selected, the collider is highlighted in blue about the selected object. As the cursor hovers over an axis handle on the gizmo, the specified axis turns yellow. Click the axis handle. As you drag the cursor using the LMB, the movement of the selected collider is constrained to the highlighted axis.
Similar to the Move gizmo, you can use the 3D Collider gizmo to constrain the collider movement to a plane. Each plane is identified by an axes square between the respective axis handles. You can specify the plane of movement by moving the cursor over the axes square. When the square turns yellow, click it. As you drag the cursor, the selected objects and subobjects move only along the highlighted plane for XY, YZ, or XZ axes.
There are a number of additional collider settings, available in the Inspector tab. To learn more about these settings, go to Physics / Collider (link).
# Animation Mode
Animation mode is a workspace designed to animate the existing objects in the scene and set up triggers to launch these animations.
In the animation mode, the left panel displays a Scene tab that contains all available animations you created in the project. The bottom panel of the animation mode has two tabs: Timeline and Triggers - both are related to a particular animation selected from the Scene tree.
## Timeline
Timeline allows you to create animations for objects, including game-play sequences, and audio sequences. It represents a list of animation tracks and related keyframes.
## Triggers
A Trigger is an object that causes an animation to occur. The Triggers panel is designed to define particular conditions used to launch animations.
# Game Mode
The game mode allows you to play and test the game.
By default, all panels in game mode are hidden to ensure the focus on the gameplay. In the game mode, you cannot move and/or delete objects, nor edit animations.
For show left and right panels hit `CMD + /` for macOS or `CTRL + /` for Windows. Also you can go to `Main Menu` > `View` > uncheck `Hide UI`. Note, that some changes you make in the Inspector will be automatically saved when switching to a different mode. It work for Main Character Properties; Main Camera; Gravity.
# Scene Panel
Scenes include the environments and menus of your game. This article describes operations you can make using the Scene Panel.
Each Scene represents a unique level, where you can select objects, add decorations, design and build your game in pieces. *Scene tree* is available in all three modes - *Edit*, *Animation*, and *Game* modes (see [*Workspaces Modes*](/learn/manual/workspace-modes)).
This section introduces a general overview of the mechanics you can complete in the Scene. These mechanics include selecting objects, organizing your objects in the scene tree, performing basic operations with objects (*cut, paste, delete, duplicate*), and modify the default units of every scene (*main camera, main camera, plane, sun, sky, gravity*).
## Select Objects
The left panel contains the *Scene Tree* that includes a list of all objects in the scene. To select an object in the scene tree, simply left click on it.
To select multiple objects in the Scene Tree, use `CMD+LMB` for MacOS and `CTRL+LMB` for Windows.
## Organize Objects
To keep your project organized, you can *rename*, *sort objects*, *mark objects with color*, *create hierarchies*, and *group* them in the *Scene tree*.
### Rename
To rename objects, select one in the *Scene tree*, right click and select `Rename` from the context menu.
### Sort
To sort or rearrange the order of objects in the scene tree, drag and drop them.
### Mark Objects with Color
In MANU, you can highlight often used objects in the *Scene tree* by setting a custom color to them. To do that, right click on the object from the scene tree and select a custom color from the bottom section of a contextual menu.
### Create Hierarchy
In MANU, you can create hierarchies by dragging one object in the scene tree into another one. The object you dragged turns into a child object
If you move the object’s parent, the child will follow it. Also, if you change the rotation of the parent’s object, the same settings will be added to its child.
Similarly to the rotation, a child object will follow the size and the scale of the parent if related changes are applied to the parent.
### Group
To create a group of objects, select an object from the scene tree you want to serve as a central pivot point for your new group. Use the right click to select the `Group` option from the contextual menu.
By default, the name of the group is "*Group*". Rename a new group using the `Rename` option from the contextual menu.
To add other objects into this group use drag & drop into the group, one by one.
Please note that in MANU you can only create a group in regard to a particular object in your scene tree. By default, the object you select to create a group off of is set up as the pivot point for the entire group. The pivot point for the group will remain the same even if you remove the pivot object from the group. Unfortunately, you won't be able to change the pivot point for the group once it's created. If you want to change the pivot point, we recommend creating a new group in regard to the object you want to serve as a pivot point.
### Static objects
In MANU, you can create static and dynamic objects in the Scene. Static objects are objects that do not transform in the game. Dynamic objects, on the contrary, are objects that can move, be rotated and scaled at runtime. We recommend that you mark all objects that will not be moved, rotated and scaled as Static. This action will significantly improve your game performance.
To do this, hover over the object in the Scene Tree and you will see the available options. Among these options, choose the one that marks the object as Static. After that, MANU systems will recognize this object as a Static Object.
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You can mark objects as Static right away after creating them if you do not plan to transform them in any way. Or you can do it before exporting your game, when you already know exactly which objects will remain still in the game. This feature will help you to optimize your game: it will work more stable and faster and more GPU resources will be available for other functions.
## Operations with Objects
Use a *Scene tree* to perform basic operations with objects and create prefabs. These operations include *Duplicate*, *Cut*, *Copy*, *Paste* and *Delete*. To call a menu with these operations, use right click on the object from the scene tree. To review a list of hotkeys to complete basic operations, go to [Keyboard Shortcuts](/learn/keyboard-shortcuts).
### Create Prefab
Prefab allows you to create, configure, and store an object complete with all its components, property values, and child objects as a reusable asset. To create a prefab, select `Create Prefab` from the contextual menu. To learn more about operations with Prefabs go to [Assets / Create Prefab](/learn/manual/assets#create-prefab).
## Default Units of Every Scene
Each Scene in MANU includes the following default units:
{% content-ref url="/pages/-MVq257rYHAD7\_ojKqBr" %}
[Camera](/learn/manual/camera)
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{% content-ref url="/pages/-MSZzlbDDV91opiihxOo" %}
[Main Character](/learn/manual/main-character)
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{% content-ref url="/pages/-MOaY3UFvmdlxS8buErq" %}
[Gravity](/learn/manual/gravity)
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{% content-ref url="/pages/-MOaYUwLz44h0pZDigQP" %}
[Sky](/learn/manual/sky)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/-MOaaKOA0yf5dfEZoAa5" %}
[Lights](/learn/manual/lights)
{% endcontent-ref %}
# Main Toolbar
The main MANU toolbar contains all the objects used to create all the scenes and mechanics of MANU games. When you click on an object in the toolbar, it is created in the scene tree in the selected hierarchy. The toolbar contains the following tools.
**Primitives** - contains 3D objects to create primitive scenes. We recommend use them to create base of any scene and create game mechanics before importing advanced 3D models in your game.
**Game Flow** - one of MANU's main tools for connecting animations, triggers, state machines and other Game Flows together to visually build the logic of your entire game, control, customize and trigger all elements of your game.
**State Machine** - object that will allow you to create the behavior of objects in the scene and describe under what conditions the object's state should transition from one to the other.
**Animation** - object with which you will animate your game and make all objects work the way you want them to.
**Trigger** - объект с помощью которого вы будете отслеживать события в игре и запускать с помощью него анимации, менять состояния стейт-машин и включать Game Flows.
**Collider** - through which you will receive information about each other's interactions. Colliders are of different types, look for information about them in the corresponding section.
**Light** - Light sources in your game, which you will use to light up scenes and set their mood.
**Speaker** - the sound sources in your game. Play the sounds and background music assigned to them.
**Paint group** - a tool that will help you quickly fill the scene with environment objects, plant a forest or build up a city.
**Backing volume** - a tool for baking lightmap textures into your scene. Used by advanced users to create photorealistic game scenes.
Some tools are hidden in categories, to access them, click on the triangle icon in the lower right corner of the toolbar icon to reveal the full list of that category.
# Primitives
In MANU, primitives are a set of 3D objects available in the [Library](broken://pages/-MRyaRYkiMDprOHxMcPQ) panel of [Edit mode](/learn/manual/workspace-modes/edit-mode). Primitives are represented by the building blocks of 3D-basic geometric forms you can use in your game as is or modify them using transform options.
Primitives in MANU include box, sphere, capsule, cone, torus, cylinder, plane, and wedge.
You can combine some of the primitives to create more complex 3D objects, such as stairs, ladders, fences, or even bots.
# Collider
Collider is an empty shape of the 3D object designed for purposes of physical collision detection in video games.
A collider often functions as a trigger that does not behave as a solid object and allows other colliders to pass through. When a collider enters its space, a trigger will call a certain game event or animation to occur.
Unlike other Primitives in MANU, a Collider functions as a trigger that does not behave a solid object and allows other colliders to pass through. When another collider enters its space, a trigger will call a certain game event or an animation to occur. To add a collider in your game, go to the Library tab and select a collider from the suggested options below.
Collider can be used for multiple purposes in a game. Below are the examples of use cases for utilizing collider function in your games:
* With colliders you can create invisible obstacles for blocking the main character’s movements.
* Use a collider as a pivot point for a group of objects. To learn more about how to group objects, please refer to Scene Panel / Group (link).
* Use collider to register the location of an object within the collider’s space.
* It might be helpful to create one default shape collider for an object that is made of multiple meshes.
To learn more about physical colliders and their settings, please go to [Physics](/learn/manual/physics/collider-1).
# Lights
MANU provides several different kinds of lights: **sun, spot light, and point light**. The guidelines below describe tools you could use to set up lights in your game both in Edit and Animation modes.
## Light Settings in Edit Mode
The guidelines below describe light settings available in the Edit Mode.
### Sun
*Sun* is one of the default units of every scene in MANU. It is a light with parallel rays that will illuminate the scene with an even light. Since the sun is infinitely far away, the position of it does not matter, only its direction. Use sun lighting to brightly-lit outdoor scenes (i.e. a sunny day).
To change the parameters for a sun, select it from the Scene Panel and go to the Inspector tab. The properties to edit the sun include intensity, color, and direction for XYZ axes. The values for intensity range from 0 to 100 units, where 0 will make your scene look completely dark. The default value for intensity is 1.
### Spot Light
*Spot light* produces light constrained to a cone-shaped beam, and has some special features. It is the only light source that can be made visible with the 'halo' option, to simulate light in fog or dark environment. In addition, it is also the only light source that can cast buffer shadows.
In MANU, the settings for spot light include **color, intensity, range, angle, penumbra,** and **cast shadows** toggle.
Similar to the sun lighting, there is an option to select the color for the spot lighting using the color picker.
The **intensity** values for spot lighting range from 0 to 9999. The higher the value for intensity, the brighter the color of the spot lighting.
The **range** defines the length of the beam. In MANU, its values can be set within 0 to 9999 units.
Spot light’s **angle** determines the area of the halo effect. It can be set to values that range from 0 to 180 degrees.
The **penumbra** is the region in which only a portion of the light source is obscured by the occluding object. In other words, the penumbra is the region where some or all of the light source is obscured. The higher the value of penumbra, the more obscured the lighting source is. In MANU, the values for this setting range from 0 to 9999.
Lastly, there is an option in the Inspector panel to toggle On or Off for the spot light to **cast shadows**.
### Point Light
*Point light i*s a single point light source. Useful to provide very localized light. The shadows can be sharp, or you can set its size to something nonzero to make the shadows fuzzy. Can represent light sources within the scene; e.g. if there is a lightbulb or candle or something in the scene, position one of these within it to give the impression of light coming from that object.
In MANU, the following settings are available for the point light - **color, intensity, range**, and **cast shadow** toggle.
Similar to the sun and spot lighting, there is an option to select the color for the spot lighting using the color picker pop-up.
The **intensity** values range from 0 to 9999. The higher the value for intensity, the brighter the color of the point light.
The **range** defines the area of the localized light. In MANU, its values can be set within 0 to 9999 units.
To turn ON or OFF for the point light to **cast shadows**, use the toggle in the Inspector panel.
## Light Settings In Animation Mode
In MANU, you can animate the appearance of sun, point and spot lighting. The following properties are available to animate for both types of lighting - **position, enabling, color**, and **intensity.** In this section, we will focus on animating color and intensity.
### Color
You can animate the color of any spot or point lighting in MANU using the animation timeline. It is useful for creating “blinking” or color effects for your lights in a game.
### Intensity
The intensity for any spot or point lighting can be animated in the animation timeline. It may be useful for creating additional lighting effects for your game scene.
# Speaker
Speakers are audio sources or components that playback audio in the game. The speaker allows you to arrange the sound that will be heard only in a certain place of the scene. Moreover, you can make your character hear the sound from a particular distance and make the sound get louder the closer you get to its source. The closer the Main Character is to the speaker, the louder the sound will be.
### **How to add speaker in the Scene**
Go to the Left Panel and choose the [Library](broken://pages/-MRyaRYkiMDprOHxMcPQ) tab. Then, click on the Speaker icon on the Library Panel.
After that, the speaker will appear in the Scene. Next, set the parameters of this speaker on the Inspector Panel and place the speaker in the Scene, where you need it. You can move the speaker in the Scene using Gizmo arrows.
On the Inspector Panel, you will see the Distance Attention settings, which you can use to adjust the speaker's playback volume. After adding the speaker to the Scene, you will see that it is placed in 2 spheres, the inner and outer. The sizes of the spheres can be different, you can set them according to your preferences. MAX and MIN display the dimensions of the spheres, respectively. However, the inner sphere should be smaller than the outer one. MIN relates to the minimum distance which defines how close to play the sound of full volume. MAX or maximum distance setting determines the distance after which the sounds fade. You can use the spherical gizmo to set Distance Attenuation in the Scene.
The Audio Listener receives input from any audio source in the game; it is attached to the Main Character in MANU. When the Listener is in the area between the inner and outer spheres, the volume will increase as he approaches the inner sphere. The closer the Listener is to the inner sphere, the louder the sound. When the Listener is inside the inner sphere, the volume will be maximum.
In MANU, stereo sound allows you to convey the listener's position relative to the speaker. You will know from which side the Listener approaches the speaker. If the Listener is located on the left side of the speaker, then the left channel will sound louder than the right one. The right channel may not even sound at all. Conversely, if the Listener is located on the right side of the speaker, then the right channel will sound louder.
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# Importing 3D Objects
In MANU, you can import 3D objects of three kinds of format: dae, obj and fbx. The steps described below will talk you through that process.
## Import model and apply textures
Go to `Main Menu` > `File` > `Import`. Select a 3D model you want to import and click `Open`.
If the textures of the imported 3D object are included in the file that you uploaded, they will be automatically applied to the object in MANU. The same is applied to the related animation of the object, mesh, and rig.
## Import animations **and apply them to your model**
When you import a model into MANU that involves playing an animation, you also need to import the animation, since it is not imported with the model. The animation to be imported must be prepared in advance. It will be more convenient for you if the animation, imported model and everything related to it will be located in the same folder on your computer. You can prepare the animation yourself or download it from the [Mixamo](https://www.mixamo.com/) website. For example, the model in the screenshot above has animations from Mixamo.
{% hint style="info" %}
You can apply several animations to the one model, for example, the animation made in Blender and the animation downloaded from Mixamo.
{% endhint %}
To import an animation, switch to [Animation Mode](/learn/manual/workspace-modes/animation-mode) and right-click on the folder with the imported model in the [Scene Tree](/learn/manual/scene-panel). It is important to select the main folder of the imported model (parent folder). Then select `Import Animation`.
Next, select the desired animation from the folder that appears. Then click `Open`. The animation is now applied to the imported model.
{% hint style="warning" %}
You will only be able to import animations prepared for this particular model. Animation from another model will not be imported. For example, let's look at the animations of the character above, which has a certain skeleton. The animation will only work for a specific skeleton, and if the skeleton changes, the animation will look clumsy or will not be imported at all.
{% endhint %}
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## Reimport
If you edited the mesh of the object and want to substitute the old mesh with a new one, select the old mesh of the imported object from the scene tree, use right click to select `Reimport`. Then select the new file with the updated mesh and click `Open`.
Below is an example of the imported 3D object with updated mesh.
# Main Character
In MANU, Main Character is one of the default units of every scene. It is represented by a humanoid avatar commonly used in most side-scroller platformer games. This article introduces an overview of the character settings that you can tune to meet your game design goals. You may change the default mechanic settings of the character and also import your own character model. The details for performing these actions are below.
By default, the Main Character is a group of objects displayed in the Scene tree that includes subgroups of Model and Animations assets within the MainCharacter Body group.The MainCharacter Body includes a component that consists of a character and a capsule with state machine.
The "Model" subgroup contains 3D models of the main character, including its mesh, rigs, bones and related animations. "The Animation for states" subgroup includes a list of state machine animations that are triggered by a certain state of the main character.
## Properties
If the MainCharacter is selected in the Scene panel in Edit Mode, the following settings become available in the Inspector: walk, jump, wall, crouch, and slide. One of the powerful features of MANU is that you can tune Main Character settings right in the Game Mode, these changes will be applied immediately.
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### Walk
Walking mechanic is controlled by right and left arrow keys in the Game Mode. The speed for walking can vary from 0 to 100 m/s. Acceleration Time defines the rate of change of the main character’s velocity with time and is displayed as a coefficient number that ranges from 0 to 1. If you want your game character to walk faster, the value for acceleration time needs to be close to “0”.
The Step Height Limit allows you to set up the limit for walking up the stairs or other objects, such as a pile of stones, depending on how tall they appear in the scene. It ranges from 0 to 9999 meters.
### Jump
Jumping mechanic is controlled by a key. To Double Jump, hit twice. To control the direction for jumping, use +Left arrow key or +Right arrow key. The value for Jump Height equals to meters in the game world. The default value for Double Jump Height is the same and can range from 0 to 9999.
Hor. Move Speed stands for Horizontal Move Speed that defines the speed value for the main character’s movement forward and backward. The value can be set within the range from 0 to 9999.
The Hor. Move Inertia setting stands for Horizontal Move Inertia that determines the tendency of the main character to keep moving forward in a straight line at a constant speed, when no forces act upon it. This setting is represented by a coefficient value that varies from 0 to 1.
### **Wall**
Wall mechanics includes settings for Climb Speed and Jump Height. Essentially, Climb Speed stands for the ability of the main character to get a hold of the wall or other static objects in the scene and temporarily “stick” to it. The lower the Climb Speed, the faster the character will fall down from the wall. The higher the Climb Speed value, the faster it can climb up if holding the right or left arrow keys, depending on the direction the character is facing. If the Climb Speed is a negative number, then the Main Character is being dragged down.
Jump Height determines how high the main character can jump off from the wall after hanging on it. To complete the Wall Jump, hold the left or right arrow key and hit SPACE.
### **Crouch**
To use the Crouch mechanic, hit \ keys. This will trigger an animation, where the main character moves forward in a position where its knees are bent and the upper body is down lower to the ground. If you want to change the height of the physics collider of the main character, use the Height settings to decrease it. The height value is in meters and is set for the entire capsule, it cannot be less than the capsule’s diameter.
To view the changes of the сrouch Height, go to the Game mode, click on the Main Menu > View > Physics Colliders. Then, to view the Inspector panel, click on the Main Menu again > select View > Hide Right Panel. Please note that the changes made in the Inspector panel in the Game Mode will be saved when you switch back to the Edit Mode. Be sure to save the project before closing MANU, otherwise you may lose the settings you made in the Game mode.
When crouching, the main character would normally move slower as it’s default walk speed. Crouching and walking are independent mechanics, so if you change the default settings for crouching, the settings for walking will remain the same. You can adjust the crouch speed by changing its value using the Speed setting. If there is a physical obstacle above the character, it will remain in the crouching state even if no key is pressed. When the obstacle disappears, the character will stand up.
### **Slide**
If a main character reaches a surface rotated to a certain degree (slope limit), such as a downhill, it would trigger a Sliding mechanic.
By default, the Speed of the sliding mechanic is generally twice as fast as the walking speed. You can adjust this setting by setting a custom value within 0 to 9999.
Lastly, you can disable the jumping mechanic as the main character slides by using YES/NO toggle for Allow Jump.
The Slope Limit sets the boundaries (in degrees) for the main character to slope. The surfaces in the scene that are rotated to a degree that exceeds that limit will trigger the slope movement. All surfaces that are below this limit will have the main character to stand and walk on it.
## Physics
This section describes some of the default physics settings pertaining to the main character in MANU. They are available in the Physics tab of the Inspector panel and are represented by rigidbody and collider properties**.**
### Gravity and Mass
The main character has its own Gravity and Mass.
The Mass setting impacts on interactions with dynamic objects in the game, including the dynamic of reaching the main character’s maximum speed when moving in the 3D world. For example, if you want to create a massive-looking effect for a character, you would want to adjust its mass to make it appear heavy and stronger so that it interacts with other dynamic objects accordingly. In other words, it would take longer for a heavy character to accelerate, however, it’s going to apply a stronger force when interacting with dynamic objects along the way.
Main Character has its own Gravity setting to support the creation of an interesting gameplay or game level. It can be used for creating levels where you want your character to appear heavy in the game while the traditional gravity law is applied to other objects in the game, or vice versa.
### Collider
The main character’s default type of collider is Capsule. Changing the collider type for the main character is not available, although other collider settings are available for tuning, such as, Radius, Height, and Direction.
Radius value represents a straight line from the centre to the circumference of the main character’s collider that ranges from 0 to 4999.5 units.
The default Height for the collider is set to 2 meters, it equals the sum of cylinder height and 2 \*radius. The Direction determines an axis you want the collider Length to be adjusted to. To learn more about the collider settings, please go to [Physics](/learn/manual/physics).
## Importing Custom Character
In MANU, you can import any 3D model to create your custom character. As noted earlier, the default Main Character is represented by a group of objects displayed in the Scene tree. It includes subgroups of Model and Animations assets within the MainCharacter Body group. The Animation subgroup includes a list of state machine animations that are triggered by a certain state of the main character. This includes the following animations: crouchIdle, crouchWalk, fallingIdle, floating, frontFlip, idle, jump, slide, toCrouch, toCrouchForward, toStand, toStandForward, walk, wallHangIdle, and wallJumpUp.
Each of this animation has its own embedded animation, so instead of deleting these default animations, you can simply swap the embedded animations with the custom ones you have on your computer. The example below introduces step-by-step instructions on how to import a new custom character.
To import a new main character to MANU, go to Main Menu > File > Import > Select a folder with new character assets to upload. For this article we use this model.
{% file src="/files/-MYoP8y7T9EuHT9yNYX0" %}
Patrick
{% endfile %}
First let's import new model with animations and rename parent folder to "Patrick". Please see article [Import models](/learn/manual/importing-3d-objects) for more information.
{% hint style="warning" %}
Folder with new character's model should be in MainCharacter > MainCharacter Body > Model
{% endhint %}
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Also we need to check and tune physical collider for new model. Please see article [Physics](/learn/manual/physics) for more information about colliders.
Let's add new animations for main character. For that we need to insert new animations to specific timelines in folder "Animations for states". You can read article about inserted animations [here](/learn/manual/timeline#insert-an-animation).
After all animations are inserted correctly your main character must be ready to use in the game. You may now check the work of mechanics in the Game Mode.
## **Tips for using animations from Mixamo**
You can use animations created on the [Mixamo](https://www.mixamo.com/) website for your model/character. When downloading the animation from the website, do not forget to check the "in place" box if there is one.
In this case, you will be able to download the animation, which will be played correctly in MANU (the character will not move anywhere and will be in the position you need). However, if Mixamo does not offer you to download the correct animation and there is no "in place" box option to click, you still can download and use this animation. But this animation will move the position of the model (the model will exit the capsule/StateMachine). You can see it in the image below.
To solve this issue, we recommend that you add an extra track to the Timeline and animate the main folder of the imported character (parent folder). After that, on this track, set the correct values for Positions, so that the model/character does not move in the Scene. See details in the image below.
As you can see on the screenshot below, there is a MainCharacterBody folder added to the Timeline. Keep it as it is. Due to the presence of this folder in the Timeline, the character works correctly.
# Camera
Main Camera, also called the Game Camera, is one of the default units of every scene in MANU. Each project in MANU includes the Main Camera that is available in the Scene tree. The Main Camera represents the player's point of view and how the player sees the world in the Game mode. This section introduces an overview of the main camera properties, postprocessing and its variables.
## Properties
With a Main Camera selected in the Edit mode, you will notice that the Properties panel on the right hand side of the screen becomes populated with settings that pertain to the Main Camera. Below is an overview of each section in the Properties panel for a Main Camera.
### Transform
In MANU, the modification of parameters for the position of Main Camera is unavailable because the Camera Follow option (see below) is ON by default. However, you can modify the settings for rotation by entering the appropriate numeric values for each axis to define the angle of the camera.
### Camera Follow
This subsection represents general properties for the main camera follow, as well as offsets and camera limits settings.
By default, the main camera follow is enabled. When it’s enabled, you can animate the Main Camera Follow in the animation timeline by adding Follow Enabled into the camera animation track. To learn more about how to animate the position and rotation of the main camera, go to **Animating Main Camera.**
To disable the Camera Follow setting, turn the toggle OFF in the properties tab to unapply all settings for camera follow, including settings for offsets. When the Follow is disabled, the Transform settings for Main Camera position become available along with rotation. Please note, that there is an interdependence between the availability of settings for Camera Follow and Transform properties, where the settings for Transform work only when Follow is disabled, and vice versa.
The properties for camera follow include settings for target, smooth speed, control pitch, and control yaw. The description of each is introduced below.
#### Target
The target represents the object in the scene the main camera is set up to follow in the Game mode. By default, it is set up to follow the Main Character. You can modify the default target object by selecting the one you want the camera to follow in the game. There is a drop-down list of objects in your scene you can assign as a target object.
#### Smooth Speed
The smooth speed allows you to tune the smoothness of the main camera's follow speed. The value for this setting is represented in percentages and varies from 0 to 100%. If you set 0% for smooth speed, it would stop the camera's follow movement, and at 100% there would be no delay in it’s movement at all.
**Control Pitch and Yaw**
Control Yaw and Control Pitch describe the rotation of the camera in the 3D space around one of the axes. Think of yourself as the camera and look around. Control Yaw is the angle when moving the head left ↔ right (rotation around Y-axis). Control Pitch is up and down (rotation around X-axis).
These settings are disabled by default, you can enable them by turning the toggle ON in the properties tab.
Control Pitch
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Control Yaw
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Control Pitch + Control Yaw
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#### Offsets
Offset is the distance between the main camera and its target object. Enter a numeric value for each axis to specify the offsets that should be kept during the game. Also, you can toggle On and OFF the offset for each axis.
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When the Offsets are ON, the Main Camera’s position is calculated based on the offset values of Position X, Y, and Z. The parameters in the Transform section will NOT be taken into account.
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#### Limits
The Main Camera Limit represents the boundaries for camera movements. With these parameters set up, the main camera displays what it presently “sees” on the screen. As the target object moves, the displayed view will also move accordingly. Settings for camera limits can be modified in the Limits section of the Properties tab in the Edit mode.
By default, the main camera limits are enabled. You can disable it by turning the toggle OFF. Disabling the camera limits option will have the camera follow the target object while keeping it in the center of the screen in the Game mode.
In MANU, Main Camera limits can be set up for X and Y axes. Enter the numeric value for X-axis to limit the horizontal movement around the target follow object, and for Y-axis - to limit the vertical movement.
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### Other Settings
This section allows you to select the camera type Projection and set up the related settings, including Field of View, Near Plane, and Far Plane. Note that these settings may change depending on what type of projection is selected.
#### Projection
There are two main types of projections in MANU: Perspective and Orthographic. The perspective projection is a 3D window into the game world. The Orthographic projection - are 2D window that represent one of the main axes (XY, YZ, or XZ).
#### Field of View
The field of view (FoV) is the extent of the observable game world that is seen at any given moment in the Game mode. This setting is only available if the perspective type of camera projection is selected. The higher the number, the farther away the camera is, so the larger the field of view becomes.
In other words, when the perspective projection is used, objects appear to diminish in size as the distance from the camera increases. It means that the width and height of the viewable part of the scene grows with increasing distance.
#### Near and Far Plane
Near Plane is the closest point relative to the camera. Far Plane is the furthest point relative to the camera that drawing will occur. In MANU, you can specify the maximum and minimum distance of objects in a 3D scene that are drawn by the rendering engine to balance performance and visuals. In general, to get better precision you should move the Near plane as close as possible.
## Postprocessing
The term Postprocessing is commonly used in real-time 3D rendering to add additional effects. Postprocessing options can greatly improve the appearance of your game with little set-up time. Use these effects to simulate a physical camera and create stylised visuals. In MANU, postprocessing effects include depth of field, chromatic aberration, and bloom. The description of each parameter is introduced below.
### Depth of Field
The Depth of Field (DoF) effect blurs the background of your game scene while the objects in the foreground stay in focus. Essentially, it applies a blur to a scene based on the distance in front of, or behind, a focal point. This effect can be used to draw the player's attention to a specific subject of the shot based on depth and adds an aesthetic to make the rendering appear more like a photograph, or film. In MANU, the DoF effect is determined by the settings of Focal Range and Focal Distance.
#### Focal Range
Focal range is the area of the sensor that captures the focus area image of the game scene. The larger the value is, the more objects appear in focus, and vice versa.
#### Focal Distance
Focal Distance is the distance from the Main Camera to the focus point. It determines the vertical field of view. Smaller focal lengths result in a larger Field of View, and vice versa. Lower values of focal distance result in a wider Field of View, and vice versa.
## Chromatic Aberration
The Chromatic Aberration effect disperses colors along the boundaries between dark and light areas of the image. The scale determines the degree of dark and light areas of color dispersion.
## Bloom
The Bloom effect makes bright areas in your image glow. Set the strength of the Bloom filter, in a range from 0 to 1. The default is 0, which means that the Bloom effect is disabled. If you enable the Bloom effect, you would be able to adjust it’s Cascade settings and Mixer.
#### Cascade Low/Mid/High
The Cascade settings control the tint and brightness of the shadows (Low), midtones (Mid), and highlights (High) in your image.
#### Mixer
The Mixer allows you to tweek the balance of each input color. The Mixer effect modifies the influence of each input color on the overall mix of the output. For example, if you increase the influence of green on the overall mix of red, all areas of the final image that are green (including neutral/monochrome) tint to a more reddish hue. The Mixer includes Origin Saturation, Origin Intensity, Bloom Saturation and Bloom Intensity.
#### Origin Saturation
Origin Saturation is the strength or purity of the color and represents the amount of gray in proportion to the hue. The larger the value, the higher portion of the hue you will see in the original image.
#### Origin Intensity
Origin Intensity refers to the degree of color brightness. A highly intense color is bright and a low-intensity color is more neutral or muted. The larger the value of intensity, the lighter your origin image will be.
#### Bloom Saturation
Bloom Intensity refers to the magnitude of bloom effect applied to highlights in the rendered scene. The larger the value of intensity, the lighter the bloomed image effect will appear.
## Variables
To learn about Variables, go to the [Object Variables](broken://pages/-MYt-8N4Gr6AUpV3SwVF) article.
## Animatable parameters
* Position
* Rotation
* Follow Enabled
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# Transforms
This article covers the Transform characteristics represented in the Properties panel in the Inspector.
In MANU, the Transform tab allows you to view and control the position, rotation, and other properties of an object, in Edit Mode.
Each object in Transform stores its position, rotation, size, and scale values. These may need to be manipulated numerically. In Edit Mode it mainly allows you to enter precise coordinates for an axis.
Use this panel to either edit or display the object’s transform properties such as position, rotation, and scaling. These fields change the object’s origin coordinates.
## Position
The position is the object’s origin location in XYZ axis coordinates. The default position of a new object is either at 0-0-0 on XYZ axis in the scene or at 0-0-0 coordinates from a parent object if a new object is a child object.
## Rotation
Rotation is the object’s orientation, relative to the global axes and its own origin. The default rotation of an object is at 0-0-0 degrees on XYZ axes.
## Size
The Size is the dimensions of the object’s bounding box aligned with the global XYZ axes. The default dimension of an object is 1-1-1 for XYZ axes. You can constrain size proportions by selecting the respective icon next to Size.
## Scale
Scale is the object’s relative scale along the local axis. For example, the Scale X value represents the scale along the local X axis. Each primitive object available in MANU’s [Library](broken://pages/-MIO0PWrhxuQ4WC1hCM6) (cube, sphere, etc.), when created, includes a scale of 100% in each global direction. To make the object bigger or smaller, you scale it in the desired axis.
Go to [Using 3D Gizmo to Manipulate Objects](/learn/manual/workspace-modes/edit-mode#using-3d-gizmo-to-manipulate-objects) to learn more about object transforms that can be applied via gizmo in MANU.
# Materials
All objects around us are made of different materials: metal, glass, plastic, rubber, etc. Materials, in their turn, have many parameters, such as color, texture, the ability to reflect, emit or refract light. They can be transparent or opaque. Materials create greater realism in the game. In MANU, there are several different models of materials that can describe both real-world materials and various artistic stylized designs.
Materials in the MANU can only be applied to objects with visible geometry and to 3D objects that have polygon grids (mesh). For example, primitives or imported objects. It is impossible to assign materials for other types of objects (animation, trigger, collider or light) and it does not make sense.
Note: when you want to play around with materials choosing different textures and their settings, always remember that it will affect the performance of your game and its size on the hard drive.
## How to apply a material to the object?
In Manu, by default, the Default material is applied to all objects that will be created in the scene. It will also be applied to the imported objects/models.
To apply a material, select an object from your scene, then switch to the Material tab in the Inspector panel. The Material Panel includes texture and material properties that you can manage to make your object more realistic.
You can choose a material from those already existing in MANU. Click on the 3-dots menu and just select the material you need from the drop-down list. After that, the material will be immediately applied to the object.
## Material library in MANU
All materials that we create and use are stored in the Material library. We can delete materials, duplicate them, and make new materials out of existing ones.
We can also search for materials using the search option. This option appears together with the list of materials when we press the 3-dots menu.
All the materials that we create are placed in the list of materials. The list is sorted based on creation date.
## How to manage materials in Manu?
### Rename materials
After applying the material to the object, you may rename it. To do it:
● click on the object and go to the Material Tab in the Inspector Panel
● next, click on the Material name and start typing
● when you are done, just press Enter or click anywhere in the scene.
### Duplicate materials
In some cases, the Duplicate Material option will be useful in creating the game objects. For example, in order to change only some settings for the material already existing in the game and apply it to a new object.
To duplicate the material:
● press the 3-dot menu, which is next to the Material name in the Material Panel;
● then, go to the list of materials and hover the pointer over the material you need;
● click on the first icon (double squares with plus), that you will see.
The duplicated material will have the same name, but with number 2 or with the following number (if this name is already taken). Now you may apply changes to the duplicated material.
### Delete materials
If for some reason you need to delete materials, simply go to the Material library. The list of created and existing materials will appear after clicking on the 3-dot menu which is on the right top of the Material Panel. To delete the material:
● go to the Inspector Panel and click on the Material Tab
● click on the 3-dot Menu (which is to the right of the material name). After that, the list of materials will open
● hover over the material that needs to be deleted
● click on the "Delete" icon (trash can) next to the material
The deleted material will be removed from the Material library.
When you try to delete the material that has already been applied to some objects in the scene, you will receive a notification (a popup window) that this operation is irreversible. The notification shows how many objects have this material. Therefore, the removal of the tag must be authorized.
## How to create a new material in MANU?
To create a new material in Manu, click on the Create Material button . After that, in the Inspector Panel, you will see multiple options and parameters that you can customize and combine to create the material you need.
We can create a material and assign it to other objects. In MANU, we don't have to create materials for each object every time. We can reuse materials.
If we change the material settings on one object, then these changes are applied to other objects to which this particular material is applied.
If we want to change the texture for only one object, we will need to duplicate the material and then change the settings for the duplicated material.
### Types of shaders (materials) in MANU
There are several types of shaders in MANU:
Basic
Glass
PBR
MatCap
Glow
#### How to assign a shader to a material?
To assign a shader to the material, use the Shader drop-down menu in the Material Panel. Just click on the shader you need, and it will be applied immediately.
# Texture Maps
The texture map contains a texture image that defines how the object will look. The texture map is loaded as it is and wraps the selected object with this texture to give color or relief illusion to the object. By combining texture maps, we can change the settings of different materials.
# Difuse/Albedo
The Diffuse/Albedo map indicates what colors are in this texture. It takes the color of the objects.
**How to apply a texture map (on the example of a Diffuse map)?**
To apply a texture to the material, click on the diffuse map, after that it will be possible to import or select a diffuse map.
To download a texture from your computer, simply click on the Import texture option. You also can select a texture map from the texture picker.
The diffuse map can also be disabled by moving the slider under it to the left.
If for some reason you need to delete the diffuse map, just hover over it and you will see a trash can icon. Right-click on it and the diffuse map will disappear.
### Color/Albedo Tint
Each material has a Color property; and it behaves differently for each material. For example, for Basic materials, it behaves quite straightforwardly. We can choose any color and apply it to the object. And the object will simply get this color, there will be no reliefs, shadings or refraction of light on the object.
If we apply texture and change its color, the color value is multiplied by the selected texture.
And if the texture is not selected or disabled, it just shows the color.
Application: the combination of texture and color can be used in animation. For example, we have some object and we need it to flash red without changing anything else. Create an animation, set the color change from white to red and loop the animation.
# Alpha
Alpha texture is responsible for transparency/translucency, as well as for irregularities on the object. This texture will designate which areas of the object will be transparent or irregular (this is done using gradation). Alpha texture will be useful if you need to show materials damaged by corrosion or rust . This texture also might be helpful to show paint residues on the material.
####
# Normal
Normal map is a texture map that sets the relief for the object. This map is responsible for the light relief (bumps) on the material surface. Here, the relief is imitation. In fact, there are no bumps on the material; the geometry of the object does not change. However, due to the use of the normal map the material looks bumpy.
# Ambient Occlusion
Ambient occlusion is a self-shadowing effect that occurs at the intersection of two or more surfaces. The smaller the angle between the surfaces, the more shading occurs. Occlusion gives a more realistic look to the scene due to the self-shadowing of objects.
AOC map allows you to add realism to the image/reflection on the object by simulating the shadows on the material.
AOC map is responsible for the shading that occurs at the joints, faces and corners of the object. It defines the occlusion strength of the material.
# Roughness
Roughness is responsible for the roughness of the material (consists of gradations from black, gray to white). The Roughness map shows where the roughness should be. All objects have different roughness (for example, scuffs, shiny paint chips). It defines how light is scattered across the surface of the object.
# Metalness
Metalness map defines the areas on the material that behave like a metal and non-metal. The metalness map determines which type of reflection on the material is (dielectric or metallic). Metalness affects the ability of the metal to reflect light, as well as the ability to absorb light that shines on the material.
All objects in the world are divided into dielectrics (insulators) and metals.
Dielectrics (for example, plastic) absorb light partially, and some of the light is reflected. Dielectrics always reflect the same light that is shone on them. Metals do not transmit light, but reflect it, partially or completely. We can see a colored glare, where the light is reflected on the object. This glare has the color of the metal (for example, copper, gold). Dielectrics also reflect light, but in much smaller quantities than metals.
# Emissive
Emission defines how light is emitted from the surface, allowing any surface to become a light source. The Emissive map is responsible for simulating the light emission on the material.
This map will be useful for objects that should shine in the Scene. But the Emissive map only simulates the luminosity; and it will not affect other objects unless Lightmapping technology is used.
These may be distant light sources for which it is not necessary to calculate their illumination. This map does not load the game engine, but the object lights up. Emissive map is used for creation materials of neon and fluorescent colors.
The Emissive map shows which areas of our material should glow and which should not.
# Basic
Basic materials can only show the texture that is loaded into them. Basic does not receive shadows or emit lights. It does not receive reflections. Generally, this material does not react to the environment.
Basic materials can be used in games, where the realism of objects is not so important and the materials are not expected to change. It can be used in 2D games and in the design phase.
Using this material, you can create simple objects that do not require many resources.
The Basic material has only one texture map - a Diffuse map.
# Matcap
MatCap (Material Capture) is one of the simplest materials. Along with the color, it also shows lighting and reflections.
This material is often used in game development when it is needed to minimize the resources spent. For example, MatCap is widely used in mobile games.
There are special MatCap textures for MatCap materials.
For MatCap materials, you may set up Color and Opacity type.
# PBR
PBR (Physically-based rendering) provides physically correct visualization taking into account the laws of physics. PBR materials help to display the real model of the materials that exist in the physical world.
PBR has more settings than other materials. For PBR materials, you can set up Ambient Occlusion, Roughness, Metalness and Emissive.
PBR has 4 texture maps: Base, Normal, ARM and Emissive. You can manage these texture maps using the settings in the Material Panel.
### **Base texture map**
Base is responsible for the color of the object and consists of two texture maps: Albedo and Alpha. When you hover over the Base, you will see a control with which you can proceed to loading these 2 texture maps. Click on it, then upload the map you need.
If you only need the Albedo texture map, then load it using the uploader on the Base texture map , which will appear when you hover over the Base texture. Just click on it and a texture picker will appear together with an option to Import texture.
Note: If several texture maps are used, they must be of the same size.
### **Normal map setting**
We can modify the Normal map using a Normal setting option in the Material Panel.
The Normal setting is responsible for the strength of the impact of the Normal map. We can increase the Normal map to give a slightly different look to our material. You will see the difference if you move the slider from right to left.
Note: the intensity of the normal map can exceed 100% and reach up to 500%.
### **ARM texture map**
The ARM Texture Map has three textures: Ambient Occlusion, Roughness and Metallic. ARM is just short for AOC, Roughness and Metallic.
MANU has such functionality that allows you to bake several texture maps into one - the ARM map. Combining maps allows you to increase the performance of the game, also reduces the load on rendering.
To upload baked ARM map:
* hover over the ARM texture map in the Material Panel, you will see an uploader icon
* click on it, then upload the already prepared baked ARM map or Import it from your computer.
If you need to upload all 3 texture maps (Ambient Occlusion, Roughness and Metallic) separately:
* hover over the ARM in the Material Panel, you will see a control ;
* click on it, then upload or import the maps you need.
Note: If several texture maps are used, they must be of the same size.
### **Ambient Occlusion map setting**
AOC setting allows you to adjust the desired level of shading on the object, by moving the slider.
### **Roughness setting**
Depending on the level of roughness, the object will scatter as much light as possible that falls on it. If there is a light source in the scene and we set the minimal Roughness, then the reflection from this light source will resemble the light source itself (for example, like reflection from a smooth surface).
As the Roughness approaches the maximum, the light begins to scatter more and more. The maximum Roughness is a relative concept: all the light will be distributed over the surface, there will be no bright glare on the material.
### **Metalness setting**
When the Metalness increases, we see that our material begins to reflect not only the color of the light source. The metal color appears in the glare.
The color of the metal itself will always be there on the metal, regardless of the lighting. Move the slider of Metalness to set the value you need.
By combining only 2 parameters Metalness and Roughness, we can create materials similar to materials that exist in the physical world. Basically, all surfaces can be described using 3 maps: Base, Roughness, Metalness
### **Emissive setting**
If you move the Emissive slider to the right, the object begins to glow brighter. However, it will not illuminate other objects on the stage. Using this parameter, we can increase the saturation of light on the object.
### **Emissive color**
Emissive Color is a color of the emitted light.
# Glass
Glass simulates all glass and transparent surfaces that use physical refraction of light. Glass materials are materials that transmit light and at the same time refract it. To create such materials, it is not enough to use the Transparency parameter. Glass materials have 3 texture maps: Albedo, Normal, Roughness.
To create objects that look like glass, you may need to set the additional parameters: IOR, Absorbtion, Ambient, Turbidity and Aberation.
### **IOR (Index of Refraction)**
IOR is a physical quantity. It controls the degree of light refraction, the permeability through the surface of the material, and also how well the reflections are visible on materials. If we increase the IOR (dragging the slider to the right), then we will see that the objects that are behind the glass begin to refract.
To create a more accurate imitation of the glass-like material, take the value from the IOR list for common materials. For example, the standard value for refraction of glass = 1.33.
### **Absorbtion**
Transparent materials can absorb light into themselves, this is due to inhomogeneities and impurities that are inside transparent materials. If the value of Absorption is 100%, the object actually becomes opaque.
### **Ambient**
Ambient is responsible for the intensity of the Reflection of the sun on glass materials.
### **Turbidity**
Turbidity is responsible for the internal heterogeneity and clarity of the material.
Let's say we need to create a glass ball from unevenly cooled glass. This ball will consist of several glass layers with an inhomogeneous structure. Light is also reflected inside each layer of glass. This reflection also follows the laws of refraction and reflection inside this glass ball. As a result, refraction of light and turbidity begin to occur inside this object, which also affects the transparency/opacity of the object itself.
This parameter is used to create a thick piece of glass, crystal, quartz, inside which you need to show multiple re-reflections. You can also use this parameter to create ice. Ice never occurs simultaneously. Ice looks like a monolith from the outside, but inside it is heterogeneous. Turbidity will help to create this heterogeneity.
### **Aberations**
To make your glass object even more realistic, you can use the Aberation parameter. By increasing this parameter, a clear rainbow effect will appear on the glass object.
In the physical world, this effect can be seen on the surface of transparent materials in the form of narrow colored stripes in the vertical direction (for example, on double-glazed windows, on a puddle with drops of gasoline, on pieces of ice).
####
# Glow
Glow was designed specifically to create materials that should have a halo of glow. For example, you need to create lights or neon signs.
The material with this shader will glow with the color that you have chosen for it. The object will glow with a halo, but will not illuminate other objects. The object with Glow material will not be a light source.
For Glow, you can set the Glow Threshold – the brightness of the glow from 0 to 100%. The maximum brightness of the glow will be reached at 100%. The object will glow almost white.
You can assign a Diffuse map to this material. In this case, the object will glow with the colors that are on the texture map.
The objects with the Glow material will have a halo of glow that will be visible even in complete darkness.
# Texture Tiling
Tiling is the way of duplicating the same texture/image on the material. This setting changes the material look.
By default, the object is wrapped in a material with a texture which scale is equal to the one that is loaded into the game engine. The images on the object will clearly match all the faces and scale of the loaded/imported texture map.
Tiling allows us to scale up and down the size of the texture that we assign to the object.
The scale increases or decreases in proportion to the texture coordinates (UV coordinates). By setting the appropriate coordinates, you can adjust the texture image, so it will look the way you need.
# Texture Offset
Offset is the way of changing how and when the seamless connection of texture patterns occurs. This setting changes image positioning.
Let's say we are not satisfied that the texture image on our object breaks on the edge. We take Offset and start moving our texture along the UV coordinates, and we will see that the texture begins to slide. As a result, our texture matches along the edges.
# Cast Shadow
Cast Shadows is responsible for the ability of an object to cast a shadow in the scene and on other objects.
If you disable this option by moving the green slider to the left (the slider will turn gray), the object will stop giving shadow. But it will not stop receiving shadow from other objects since the Receive shadow option is enabled.
# Opacity type
In Manu, you may set the different types of opacity for the selected object: opaque, transparent, cutout.
# Opaque
By default, all objects in the Scene are opaque. This means that the object does not have any transparency. But this can be changed by choosing other Opacity options.
# Transparency
Transparent is responsible for the transparency of the object, but not for the transparency of the material. For example, during the game you will need to make the wall translucent for a while, behind which the Main Character will move. So, you can see him. The transparency option will help you to do it.
The intensity of the Opacity parameter (in Transparent mode) can be changed from 0 to 100%. If the parameter value is 0, the object will be completely transparent.
This option also considers the fact that some objects may consist of several components (objects) and some parts overlap each other.
When the opacity increases, such an object becomes opaque unevenly. And we can see where these components overlap, since in these places (areas) the transparency is less intense than in the whole object. Although all parts have the same level of transparency.
Look at the screenshot below. With the same opacity parameter of 22%, the component parts of the object in overlap areas give less transparency. It also brings the visualization of the object closer to the realities of the physical world.
# Cutout
Cutout is used to create objects that do not require large geometry. For example, leaves, fences, grids, objects with holes.
For Cutout, you need to load a texture map, but it must be with an alpha channel and contain only black and white colors.
You may set the Intensity parameter in the cutout mode. When you increase it, the edge of the alpha channel begins to lighten, and edge artifacts are eliminated.
You can play around with different materials and their settings to create objects that we can see in real life. You can do so much with them. Just keep in mind that you are going to drain some resources using different materials and changing their parameters.
# Physics
This article discusses how physics is used in MANU. You will learn what physics is, and how to apply its settings for objects in MANU when creating a video game.
## What Is Physics?
In 3D games, physics means using the laws of real world physics to make objects move and interact in a realistic way. For example, if your game character pushes a rock off a cliff, the rock will fall until it hits the ground. These laws are not hard coded, which means that you can change the values of certain physical parameters to build your own game mechanics. A common example is changing the amount of gravity present.
Depending on how you want your object to interact in your game, you can choose one of the following types of physics for it:
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[Static Objects](/learn/manual/physics/static-objects)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/-MOadx\_AepFLNyQyPofr" %}
[Dynamic Objects](/learn/manual/physics/dynamic-objects)
{% endcontent-ref %}
{% content-ref url="/pages/-MOae\_RKsX2vMJD3grW5" %}
[Kinematic Objects](/learn/manual/physics/kinematic-objects)
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{% content-ref url="/pages/-MOaf-UCibpdplbZGvsT" %}
[Ghost Objects](/learn/manual/physics/ghost-objects)
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# Static Objects
Static objects are objects that can neither move nor be moved in a game. They participate in collisions, but they do not visually respond to collisions.
This type of object is perfect for ground, walls, stones, and other heavy objects that serve as a physical environment where your game takes place. The simplest example is a flat plane. The one you would use to create a basketball court, for example.
To make an object static, select an object in a scene in the Edit mode, go to the Physics tab in the Inspector panel, and turn the Physics on. The object will become physical and static by default.
The screenshot below demonstrates the Physics tab settings for a static floor object.
Static objects have the following parameters:
* **Friction.** The friction of a static object defines how easily other objects will slide over its surface. By default, the friction is set to 100. If you set the friction of a static object to 0, other objects will slide endlessly over its surface.
* **Bounciness.** The bounciness of a static object defines how far other objects will move away from its surface after they hit it. By default, the bounciness is set to 50. The higher the value, the bouncier the surface of a static object will be. If you set the bounciness of a static object to 0, other objects will not bounce on or off its surface at all.
* **Wall.** This setting is used to define whether or not a game character can climb up a given object.
{% embed url="" %}
### Animatable parameters
* Rigidbody Enabled/Disabled
* Rigidbody Type
* Friction
* Bounciness
# Dynamic Objects
Dynamic objects are objects that can move and be affected by forces. For example, react to collisions with a game character or other moving objects, and follow the gravity.
The simplest example of a dynamic object is a ball. If a character hits a ball, the ball will move in response. Dynamic objects are perfect for balls and any other objects you expect to be movable in your game scene, such as barrels, crates, see-saw objects, etc.
To make an object dynamic, select an object in a scene in the Edit mode, go to the Physics tab in the Inspector panel, and turn the Physics on. Change the type of the Rigidbody to Dynamic.
In the example below, you can see the Physics tab with the settings for a dynamic ball object.
Dynamic objects have the following parameters:
* **Mass.** The mass of a dynamic object defines how easily it can be moved. Objects with higher mass will affect the lighter objects more and vice versa the lighter objects will affect the heavier ones less.
* **Friction.** The friction of a dynamic object defines how easily it will slide over other surfaces. By default, the friction is set to 100. If you set the friction of a dynamic object to 0, it will slide endlessly over other objects.
* **Bounciness.** The bounciness of a dynamic object defines how far it will move away from other objects after it hits them. By default, the bounciness is set to 50. The higher the value, the bouncier the dynamic object will be. If you set the bounciness of a dynamic object to 0, it will not bounce on or off other objects at all.
Note that you can use the following Lock settings for a dynamic object. These settings help you to build more stable and predictable game mechanics:
* **Position.** This restricts the dimensions in which a dynamic object can move. For example, if you lock the Z-axis of an object, it will only move up or down and forward or backward, and it won't move sideways.
* **Rotation.** This restricts the dimensions in which a dynamic object can rotate.
{% embed url="" %}
### Animatable parameters
* Rigidbody Enabled/Disabled
* Rigidbody Type
* Friction
* Bounciness
* Mass
# Kinematic Objects
Kinematic objects are objects whose movement is defined by you as a game creator via animation.
Kinematic objects can collide with dynamic objects, but they will not be affected by collisions, forces, or any other part of the physics system. The collision response of kinematic objects is up to you. This type of object is perfect for moving platforms, doors, moving obstacles, flying arrows, etc.
To make an object kinematic select an object in a scene in the Edit mode, go to the Physics tab in the Inspector panel, and turn the Physics on. Change the type of the Rigidbody to Kinematic. In the example below, you can see the Physics tab with the settings for a kinematic box object.
Kinematic objects have the following parameters:
* **Friction.** The friction of a kinematic object defines how easily other objects will slide over its surface. By default, the friction is set to 100. If you set the friction of a kinematic object to 0, dynamic objects will slide endlessly over its surface.
* **Bounciness.** The bounciness of a kinematic object defines how far other objects will move away from its surface after they hit it. By default, the bounciness is set to 50. The higher the value, the bouncier the surface of a kinematic object will be. If you set the bounciness of a kinematic object to 0, dynamic objects will not bounce on or off its surface at all.
* **Wall.** This setting is used to define whether or not a game character can climb up a given object.
{% embed url="" %}
### Animatable parameters
* Rigidbody Enabled/Disabled
* Rigidbody Type
* Friction
* Bounciness
* Position X/Y/Z
* Rotation X/Y/Z
* Scale X/Y/Z
# Ghost Objects
Ghost objects are objects that have no physical parameters such as mass, friction, or bounciness.
Ghost objects have nothing except a **collider** and are absolutely penetrable. They are used to detect collisions with other physical objects. When a collision is detected, it will trigger a certain event or behavior of certain objects or the environment. You can think of a ghost object as a sensor that performs a certain task when other objects collide with it. For example, you can make a door open when your character collides with a ghost object in front of it. Ghost objects can also be used on top of dynamic objects to ensure a more realistic visual interaction between objects.
To make an object a ghost object, select an object in a scene in the Edit mode, go to the Physics tab in the Inspector panel, and turn the Physics on. Change the type of the Rigidbody to Ghost. In the example below, you can see the Physics tab with the settings for a ghost box object.
You can apply the Ghost rigidbody type to any primitive available in MANU and any imported 3D model.
{% embed url="" %}
### Animatable parameters
* Rigidbody Enabled/Disabled
* Rigidbody Type
* Position X/Y/Z
* Rotation X/Y/Z
* Scale X/Y/Z
# Disabling Object's Rigidbody
To implement required game mechanics, you can switch off the physical body of an object in your game.
For example, you may need to make a static wall penetrable for your game character when a certain event occurs. For this purpose, you should **set up an animation** that will switch off the object’s rigidbody and thus make it non-physical.
In the image below, you can see the Rigidbody toggle switch next to the Rigidbody type in the Inspector panel. When you switch the Rigidbody on and off, all the settings, like friction and bounciness, remain unchanged.
{% embed url="" %}
# Collider
The Collider of a physical game object is used to define the object's collision bounds and to detect contact with other objects.
Collider can be thought of as an invisible physical shape of an object. For example, a physical vase in your game will be represented by two separate shapes: a shape visible to the player—probably, a complex one—and a simplified invisible physical shape, a cylinder, to approximately match the visible part of your vase. The collider types you can use in MANU are described below:
### **Box**
This is a rectangular cuboid that is useful for items such as crates or chests. You can also use a thin box collider as a floor, wall, or a ramp.
### **Sphere**
This is a basic sphere-shaped element. It works well for balls, obviously, and other objects that need to roll and tumble, for example, falling boulders.
### **Capsule**
This is an element that is made of two half-spheres joined together by a cylinder. It is suitable for pillars and can be combined with other colliders for unusual shapes.
### **Plane**
This is an element that implements a flat collision surface. Note that the plane collider is infinite.
### **Cylinder**
This is a basic cylinder-shaped element that can be handy for creating posts, rods, and wheels.
### **Cone**
This is a basic cone-shaped element. It is perfect for tree crowns. You can also use it to create compound colliders.
### **Convex** **hull**
This is a shape that completely encloses a set of points. Convex hulls are usually used for imported objects of complex shapes. Note that convex hull colliders can be simplified to save computational resources.
{% hint style="info" %}
Note that you can change collider parameters like position and size to suit your game needs. You can do it by using the Gizmo of an object or by changing the required parameters manually in the Inspector panel. Besides, you can use the Reset button next to the collider type to reset the collider settings to the default values, if necessary. See the image below.
{% endhint %}
# Animation Timeline
## Overview
When you select an animation from the Scene Tree in the Animation mode, you see a Timeline panel at the bottom of the window. This Timeline panel consists of the following elements:
1. Buttons for adding different types of tracks.
2. Animation looping button.
3. Animation playback button and the buttons for moving the playhead to the beginning or to the end of the keyframe.
4. Zoom-in and zoom-out buttons for changing the time scale of the timeline.
5. Timeline Playhead for moving to the exact point in time being previewed in the Timeline window.
## Adding an animation
You can add animations either in the Edit Mode or in the Animation Mode. To add an animation, go to the Library tab and select `Animation`.
A new animation will appear in the Scene Tree. By default, new objects are added at the end of the list.
Second way. You can add an animation in the Animation mode, select the object you want to animate in the Scene Tree, right-click on it, and then select `Create Animation`.
A new animation will be created within the object.
## Adding an object to the Timeline
To be able to add an object to the existing timeline, switch to the Animation mode and select the necessary timeline. You can add an object to the timeline in two ways.
First way. Click the `Add Object` button on the timeline panel and select an object from the pop-up list
Second way. Right-click an object in the Scene Tree and select `Add to Timeline`
Once you add an object to the timeline, a corresponding track will appear on the timeline panel.
### **Adding object’s parameters to the Timeline**
Once you add an object to the timeline, you can select the parameters of the object you want to animate. To do this, click on the `Add animated parameter` next to the object in the timeline tree and select a parameter from the pop-up list. Every parameter can be selected only once.
Once you select a parameter, a corresponding track will appear on the timeline.
### Adding keyframes to the Timeline
Once you add a parameter to the timeline, you can add a keyframe to it.
Keyframes are used to assign different parameter values to an object at specific points in time to animate a certain aspect of the given object. Keyframes are what animations are made of.
To add a keyframe for parameter, follow a few steps. Hover over the parameter’s track on the timeline. Click the point on the timeline for which the keyframe should be added. A pop-up window with the parameter value input field and the Transition picker will appear.
Transition picker is used to specify how the transition between keyframes should be performed over time. Note that picking transition type is available only for digital parameters and the color parameter. More information about types of transitions described below.
Specify the value of the animated parameter at the selected point in time and pick the Transition type, if necessary. By default, Linear transition is used, which means that the value of a parameter will change evenly over time.
Once you add a keyframe, you can click on the playback button to play the animation that you have created.
{% embed url="" %}
#### Types of Keyframed Parameters
Depending on their type, parameters that you keyframe take on different values. These value are as follows:
* A digital value or a formula for calculating a digital value (for example, the value of a Position X parameter)
* A boolean value (for example, YES and NO values of the Enabled parameter)
* Choice from dropdown menu (for example, the Rigidbody Type parameter)
* Color value (for example, the Base Color parameter)
### Transitions Between Keyframes
When you set up a digital value or a color for a keyframe, the pop-up window will also contain the Transition picker. You can use this Transition picker to specify how the transition between keyframes should be performed over time.
If you click on the transition type in this pop-up window, you will see a choice of three graphs: No interpolation, Linear, and Ease. In these graphs, the X axis represents the time and the Y axis represents the value. There are many transition types available. To see all of the available transition types, hover over `More` in the Graphs menu and choose the graph that will suit your animation logic.
If you don’t need to perform any calculations between two keyframes for some reason, you can switch off transition using the toggle switch. In this case, the calculation between the two given keyframes will not be performed.
#### Transitions
{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Linear" %}
#### Linear
{% embed url="" %}
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="Bezier Curve Interpolation" %}
#### Easy
{% embed url="" %}
####
#### Default
{% embed url="" %}
####
#### Sinusoidal
{% embed url="" %}
####
#### Quadratic
{% embed url="" %}
####
#### Cubic
{% embed url="" %}
####
#### Quartic
{% embed url="" %}
####
#### Quantic
{% embed url="" %}
####
#### Exponential
{% embed url="" %}
####
#### Circular
{% embed url="" %}
#### Back
{% embed url="" %}
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="No interpolation" %}
#### No interpolation
{% embed url="" %}
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}
### Bulk dragging of keyframes
Every keyframe that exists on the timeline is projected on the common track at the top of the timeline panel.
You can use this common track to move several keyframes forwards and backwards simultaneously. If you locate several keyframes at the same time point on the timeline, they will be combined into a single point on the common track at the top.
In this way, by moving this single point on the common track you will move several keyframes simultaneously on the timeline. Plus, you can drag this common track as a whole and move all of the existing keyframes backward and forward in the timeline.
{% embed url="" %}
## Adding Audio
Audio clips can be added to the timeline in two ways.
#### Inside of the Sound track
In this case, the audio will be played with the same volume wherever the Main Character is.
If you add a Sound track to the Timeline, an empty audio track will be created for it by default. Hover over this track to select a time point at which your audio clip should be played. Select a clip in the window that opens.
{% embed url="" %}
#### Inside of the Speaker track
In this case, an added audio clip will be played as a surround sound that will be heard only in a certain place of the scene. The closer the Main Character is to the speaker, the louder the sound will be.
To add an audio clip to the Speaker track, click the `Add animation track` next to it and select `Audio Track`. Hover over this track to select a time point at which an audio clip should be played. Select a clip in the window that opens.
{% embed url="" %}
You can add as many audio clips as you want and move them forward and backward in the timeline one at a time or all at once using the common track on the left of the Sound track.
By right-clicking an audio clip, you can duplicate it inside the same audio track or copy it and paste it inside another audio track.
Audio tracks also allow you to adjust their volume using the volume slider next to them.
When you click an audio clip in the timeline, a pop-up window appears in which you can set up the volume and the pitch of the given audio clip. The Pitch setting is used to change the highness of the sound of the audio clip. The Pitch setting also affects the length of the audio. If you increase the Pitch value, the length of the audio will decrease. And vice versa, if you decrease the Pitch value, the length of the audio will increase.
This window also displays the following properties of the audio clip: Name of the file; Type of the file, either mono or stereo; Frequency; Length.
## Adding a local variable
To add a local variable to the timeline, do the following: Click the corresponding icon on the top left of the timeline panel; give your local variable a name, for example "X"; select the type of value this local variable should have, either Number or Boolean; specify the value; click `Create`
A corresponding track will appear on the timeline.
Local variables work only inside a single timeline. This means that if you create a variable with the same name in another timeline, it will be a completely different variable. Changing the value of a local variable in the timeline will not affect the value of the variable with the same name in another timeline.
{% embed url="" %}
## Insert an animation
In MANU, you can play animations via other animations. To add an animation inside another animation, do the following:
Click the `Add Animation` on the top left of the Timeline panel. An Inserted Animation with an Animation Track will appear on the timeline.
If you need more than one track inside an inserted animation, click the `Add new track` next to the Inserted Animations element. The number of animation tracks you can add is not limited.
Hover over the Animation Track to select a time point at which you want to insert an animation. Select an animation you want to insert into a given animation from the pop-up list that opens.The inserted animation will appear on the timeline.
You can use inserted animations to, for example, create a sequence of animations that will be played in a certain order at certain points in time independently of any triggers.
## Disabling animation or track
When you create an animation, it is enabled by default. However, if you need to disable an animation you can do it by hovering over the animation in the scene tree and switching off the toggle switch on the right of the animation. After that this animation will not play in Game mode.
The same works for tracks inside an animation in the timeline panel. If you need to disable a track with a certain parameter, use the toggle switch on the left of the track.
{% hint style="info" %}
If inserted animation is disabled in the scene tree then it still play through active animation. See video below.
{% endhint %}
{% embed url="" %}
## How to launch animation in game
For an animation to be launched in the game, you have to set up a trigger for it. Triggers are set up in the Triggers tab, which is located next to the timeline tab.
For more information about Triggers, please refer to the [Triggers](/learn/manual/triggers).
# Triggers
For animations, Game Flow and state machines to work in your game, you need to set triggering conditions for them and trigger them when those conditions are met. These conditions are tracked by objects called triggers.
Triggers consist of conditions. Such conditions can be either one or several. Several conditions can be combined with each other using Boolean logic to make more complex triggers.
### How to add a trigger?
* Trigger as an object. It is used to create Game Flow trigger nodes and as a condition in other triggers. Such a trigger can be reused throughout the project where it is needed
* Trigger with animation. This trigger is used to start animations in which it is created.
* State machine state transition trigger. This trigger is created in the trigger panel of the state machine connectors.
* Complementary Game Flow node-to-node communication trigger
#### Trigger as an object
To add a trigger as an object:
* Select the desired hierarchy in the scene tree Click the Trigger icon in the main toolbar
* The trigger will be created in the selected hierarchy
* Open the trigger panel by selecting the trigger
* In the trigger panel that opens, you can add conditions.
Trigger as an object can be created together with the creation of a node in Game Flow, to do this:
* Create a Game Flow by clicking in the main toolbar
* Open the Game Flow editing window Select the Trigger node creation tool in the Game Flow toolbar
* Click on the canvas and select Create New
* A Trigger node will be created on the canvas
* A new trigger is created in the scene tree as a child of this Game Flow which can be reused throughout the project
* The trigger can also be edited by double-clicking on the trigger node
* In the trigger panel that opens, you can add conditions
#### Animation Trigger
To add a animation trigger
* Select the desired hierarchy to create an animation
* Hold down a click on the Animation icon in the main toolbar From the drop-down submenu, select Animation with Trigger
* An animation with trigger will be created
* Select the animation and go to Animation mode
* In the tab above the timeline, click the Trigger icon. In the trigger panel that opens, you can add conditions.
#### State Machine state transition trigger
To create a State Machine state transition trigger:
* Create a State Machine by clicking in the main toolbar
* Open the edit window of the State Machine
* Create a states and link them
* Click on the link between the states
* In the trigger panel that opens, you can add conditions
#### Additional trigger in the link between Game Flow nodes
To create an additional trigger in the link between Game Flow nodes:
* Create a Game Flow by clicking in the main toolbar
* Open the Game Flow editing window
* Create the nodes and the link between them
* Click on the link In the trigger panel that opens, you can add the conditions
## Trigger condition types
There are many types of trigger conditions in MANU that follow events in the game. The list of conditions is constantly growing. In the current version of MANU there are the following types of conditions:
* [On Launch Scene](https://app.gitbook.com/s/-Lt-sE9MYKe9pZOcHwg5/~/changes/166/learn/manual/triggers/on-launch-scene)
* [Key](https://app.gitbook.com/s/-Lt-sE9MYKe9pZOcHwg5/~/changes/166/learn/manual/triggers/key)
* [Collision](https://app.gitbook.com/s/-Lt-sE9MYKe9pZOcHwg5/~/changes/166/learn/manual/triggers/collision)
* [Animation](https://app.gitbook.com/s/-Lt-sE9MYKe9pZOcHwg5/~/changes/166/learn/manual/triggers/animation)
* [State Machine](https://app.gitbook.com/s/-Lt-sE9MYKe9pZOcHwg5/~/changes/166/learn/manual/triggers/state-machine)
* [Comparsion](https://app.gitbook.com/s/-Lt-sE9MYKe9pZOcHwg5/~/changes/166/learn/manual/triggers/comparsion)
* [Game Flow](https://app.gitbook.com/s/-Lt-sE9MYKe9pZOcHwg5/~/changes/166/learn/manual/triggers/game-flow)
* [Trigger](https://app.gitbook.com/s/-Lt-sE9MYKe9pZOcHwg5/~/changes/166/learn/manual/triggers/trigger)
* [Object Enabled](https://app.gitbook.com/s/-Lt-sE9MYKe9pZOcHwg5/~/changes/166/learn/manual/triggers/object-enabled)
* [Network](https://app.gitbook.com/s/-Lt-sE9MYKe9pZOcHwg5/~/changes/166/learn/manual/triggers/network)
You can learn about each type of trigger event in its own section.
## Trigger Logic
Triggers can have two states: TRUE and FALSE. If the condition specified by the trigger is met, the trigger state will be TRUE. When this condition is not met, then the trigger state will be FALSE. All transitions of triggers from one state to another (from TRUE to FALSE and from FALSE to TRUE) activate the trigger logic. If, for example, the trigger is set to collide one object with another, then as long as there is no such collision, the trigger has the FALSE state. When a collision occurs, the trigger changes its state to TRUE. When the trigger state is TRUE, it sends the command “animation play”. When the trigger state is FALSE, it gives the command “animation stop”. Animation continues to play, even when the play event is sent again (state true). Animation ignores these commands until it finishes its playback. While the animation is playing, it does not accept new play commands. When the animation play period stops, the object listens to the trigger command again. Animation will stop if the stop command is sent (state false). It stops at the moment when this command appears, even before finishing its playback.
#### One-time trigger
A one-time trigger exists for an instant. For example, Collision Started is a one-time trigger, it registers the moment of objects’ collision when it has just happened. Other examples of one-time triggers: Collision Ended, Key Down, Key Up, State Machine State Start, State Machine State Stop, Animation Started, Animation Ended.
#### Long-running trigger
For example, Collision Continue is a long-running trigger, its state is long in time and exists as long as the interaction of objects continues. Other examples of long-running triggers: Animation Continue, Key Pressed, Collision Continue, State Machine State Continue.
Note: It is very important to distinguish a one-time trigger from a long-running trigger, especially if you group or combine them to launch the animation. To know more, go to the Scene (link).
### Trigger chain
In MANU, you can use as many triggers as you want to launch animations, thus creating a chain of triggers. The concept of a trigger logic chain allows you to:
* combine several triggers with the help of common logical operators (AND, OR, NOT) such that the output result of the trigger logic chain will depend on which triggers are used, as well as on the meaning of the operator.
* set the calculation sequence in the trigger chain by grouping triggers
* give a more complex condition for triggering the animation.
All these options, offered by MANU, open up more opportunities for the user compared to the usage of only one trigger to start and stop the animation. Creating trigger chains, remember that the calculations in the chain occur sequentially, from left to right. The calculation algorithm checks each trigger and operator in order. If one of the triggers changes its state, even for a fraction of a second, the mechanism for checking the trigger chain will start again. The chain checking does not always occur, but it is triggered every time an event occurs. The new event causes the trigger state to change from TRUE to FALSE. The combination of trigger states (TRUE and FALSE) defines the logic of the trigger chain. If, after all calculations, the trigger chain output is TRUE, then the animation starts. If the output is FALSE, then the animation does not play. When, during the animation playback, a new event occurs, it activates the checking of the trigger logic chain. The animation playing will stop if the output of the checking is FALSE. If the output of checking is TRUE, then the running animation continues to play. The animation does not start again, it just keeps playing, ignoring the TRUE value.
### Grouping triggers
The trigger chain allows you to create complex conditions for the activating animation. Triggers in the chain are calculated sequentially. If you want to set the order in calculation of triggers you should use the grouping of triggers. You can combine multiple triggers into groups and create multiple groups. Using the trigger groups helps to control the order of calculation.
### Logical operators
#### OR
OR returns TRUE value if any of the arguments/elements are TRUE, in the opposite situation, it will return FALSE. You need this logic operator if you want to initiate the animation by two or more triggers in condition that only one or more triggers are activated. By default, when you add a trigger, it joins the existing ones by OR.
#### AND
AND returns a TRUE value if both elements are TRUE and returns FALSE otherwise. If you want that more than one trigger launches an animation, provided that both/all triggers have to be activated, then you need AND as a logical operator to create a chain of triggers. By default, when you add a trigger, it joins the existing ones by OR. You can change it simply by clicking on the AND Icon.
#### NOT
NOT performs a logic negation by inverting TRUE to FALSE and FALSE to TRUE. By hovering over the added trigger, you will notice that it is highlighted a little bit. After that click on the right mouse button and choose from the dropdown list Add NOT. If you have changed your mind, just click Remove NOT on that list. NOT can be set not only for one trigger, but also for the trigger group.
### Truth table
| Trigger 1 | Operation | Trigger 2 | Result |
| --------- | --------- | --------- | ------ |
| YES | `OR` | YES | YES |
| YES | `OR` | NO | YES |
| NO | `OR` | YES | YES |
| NO | `OR` | NO | NO |
| | | | |
| YES | `AND` | YES | YES |
| YES | `AND` | NO | NO |
| NO | `AND` | YES | NO |
| NO | `AND` | NO | NO |
### Managing triggers
You can manage triggers using a dropdown list which appears when you hover over the selected trigger and click on the right mouse button.
#### Turn Off/On
The Turn Off/On option is used to check the logic of trigger chains. This option is necessary for testing and finding errors in the trigger logic. For example, when a chain of 6 triggers does not work, you can turn them on and off in sequence, and then perform a check. The turned off triggers are ignored during the chain checking process. Note that along with the turned off triggers, the logical operators in front of them are also turned off and ignored.
#### Group
To create a group of triggers, move the mouse cursor over the desired trigger and select Group from the drop-down list. A green border will appear around the selected trigger, which changes its color to white if you hover the mouse cursor over it. Next, add the necessary triggers to the group using the Create *After/Before* or *Paste After/Before* options for cut or copied triggers. You also can use *Duplicate* if you need the same trigger in your chain.
#### Ungroup
Hover the mouse cursor over the green border around the trigger group, and it will immediately change color to white. Then, click the right mouse button and select *Ungroup* from the dropdown list.
#### Create Before/Create After
*Create Before* and *Create After* allow you to create a trigger at a specific location in the trigger chain. Just hover over the trigger after or before which the new trigger should go, and then click on the right mouse button to invoke the dropdown list. Both options have dropdown lists where you can choose all types of triggers that MANU offer.
#### Cut
The Cut option temporarily removes the currently selected trigger from the trigger chain. After you cut the trigger, you can place it to a different location in the current trigger chain, or to a different animation. Simply click *Paste Before/Paste After* options from the dropdown list or click on the area between triggers and you will see the Paste option, which allows you to put the trigger at the end of the trigger chain.
#### Copy
When you press *Copy*, the selected trigger remains in its original location. To put the trigger on the desired place use *Paste Before/Paste After* options from the dropdown list. By pasting the copied trigger, you actually duplicate it.
#### Duplicate
With the *Duplicate* option you copy and paste the selected trigger in one click. The new trigger will follow the selected one.
#### Paste Before/Paste After
The *Paste Before/Paste After* options allow you to place the cut or copied triggers anywhere in the trigger chain. You can paste triggers multiple times or in several places without copying it again.
#### Delete
With *Delete* you can remove all undesired triggers from your logic trigger chain.
# On Launch Scene
### On Launch Scene
On Launch Scene is an independent trigger that activates as soon as the game starts. You can manage the trigger hovering over the Icon and using a dropdown list that appears after right clicking. Go to Managing Triggers to know more (link).
# Key
### Key
Key combines a group of triggers that use keyboard keys to trigger animations. There are 3 of them: Key Down, Key Pressed, and Key Up. All key triggers have their own color Icons.
By clicking on the Icon of the existing trigger you can change the type of key triggers using a dropdown list.
#### Key Down
Key Down trigger will start when the key is pressed.
#### Key Pressed
Key Pressed trigger will be activated while the key is held down.
#### Key Up
Key Up trigger will start when we let go of the key.
{% hint style="warning" %}
**Note:** you can use any keys from your keyboard to launch the animation, except `Fn`.
{% endhint %}
###
# Collision
**Collision** consists of a group of triggers that are activated when the interaction between the objects occurs. From a dropdown list you can choose from 4 options: *No Collision, Collision Started, Collision Continue, Collision Ended*. All collision triggers have their own color Icons.
You can change the type of collision triggers by clicking on the Icon and choosing the ones you need from a dropdown list. \
It is also possible to choose and change objects of collision by clicking on the popup menu
Note: not all objects created in the game appear in the dropdown list for collision triggers. Only objects with Physics can collide.
#### No Collision
No Collision is a trigger that keeps the animation playback when the objects are not in the process of interaction.
#### Collision Started
Collision Started is a trigger that is initiated when objects have just collided. This trigger captures the moment of collision itself.
#### Collision Continue
Collision Continue helps to keep the animation playback while the objects are in the process of interaction.
#### Collision Ended
Collision Ended is a trigger which captures the moment when the collision between the objects is over and launches the animation after that.
# Animation
**Animation** is a group of triggers that are initiated when the playback state of another animation changes. There are 3 possible options: *Animation Start, Animation Stop, Animation Continue*. Each animation trigger has its own color Icon.
For the animation trigger, you can choose the animation, which was already created from the pop-up menu, to launch the animation you need.
By clicking on the Icon of the animation trigger you can change the animation trigger type.
#### Animation Start
Animation Start is a trigger that launches the animation of one object after capturing the animation start of another object.
#### Animation Stop
Animation Stop helps to start animation of the object after the animation of another object ends.
#### Animation Continue
Animation Continue launches the animation of the object while the other object is still being animated.
###
# State Machine
The state machine trigger detects events related to the states of the specified state machine. By tracking the states of the steates we can bind animations to them.
A state-machine trigger consists of two properties: State machine name and name of the state.
Conditions are tracked by three trigger modes: Started, Continue, End.
#### State Started
Trigger starts as soon as the specified state machine enters the specified state.
#### State Continue
Trigger starts and continues it's working as long as the specified state machine is in the specified state. Upon exiting that state, refered objects stops immediately.
#### State Stop
Trigger starts as soon as the specified state machine exits the specified state.
Trigger links from the states of the State machine in Game Flow actually represent a State machine trigger. You can choose to use this event more conveniently.
# Comparsion
The comparison trigger monitors the conditions under which numbers or variable values meet the comparison conditions. Comparison conditions can be as follows:
* **(=) Equal** - variables or numbers are equal
* **(≠) Not Equal** - variables or numbers are not equal
* **(>) More** - the first variable or number is greater than the second variable or number
* **(≥) More** - the first variable or number is greater than or equal to the second variable or number
* **(<) Less** - first variable or number less than the second variable or number
* **(≤) Less** - the first variable or number less than or equal to the second variable or number
You can change the comparison condition in an already created trigger by clicking the icon between the parameters being compared.
The comparison objects can be:
* **Numbers**, you can compare to numbers or numeric variables
* **Numeric variables**, can be compared to numbers and other numeric variables
* **Boolean variables**, can only be compared to boolean or numeric variables. When comparing with numeric variables, the value is false=0, true=1.
* **Variables of object type**, can be compared only with variables of object type. Comparison can be performed only by conditions (=) or (≠)
* **Variables of the tag type**, can be compared only with variables of the tag type. Comparison can be made only by conditions (=) or (≠).
Comparison of variables of different types has no sense (except for numeric and boolean variables) and will be triggered only when comparing by (≠).
Events are tracked by 4 states Started, Continue, End,False
#### Comparsion Started
The trigger is activated as soon as the specified expression becomes true. If it has been true since the game started, the trigger will not work.
#### Comparsion Continue
The trigger activates and continues as long as the specified expression remains true.
#### Comparsion Ended
The trigger activates as soon as the specified expression is no longer true. If it has been false since the game started, the trigger will not work.
#### Comparsion False
The trigger activates and continues its operation as long as the specified expression remains incorrect.
# Game Flow
The Game Flow trigger detects events related to operating certain Game Flow .
A Game Flow trigger consists of one property, Game Flow name.
Conditions are tracked by three trigger modes: Started, Continue, End.
#### How Game Flow define modes Started, Continue, End
If Game Flow has been enabled since the launch of the game, it will remain in Continue mode until it receives a signal on its End node.
If Game Flow has been disabled since the start of the game, it will be in an undefined mode
As soon as a disabled Game Flow receives a signal on the Start node, it will go into Started mode, then it will be in Continue mode until it receives a signal on its End node.
As soon as Game Flow receives a signal on the End node, it will switch to the Ended mode.
#### Game Flow Started
Trigger activates as soon as the Game Flow receives a signal on Start node.
#### Game Flow Continue
Trigger activates as soon as the Game Flow receives a signal on Start node and didn't eceives a signal on Endnode.
#### Game Flow Stop
Trigger activates as soon as the Game Flow receives a signal on End node.
# Trigger
You can compose triggers using already created triggers as internal conditions of other triggers. By combining in this way you can create your own events in the game. Triggers of this kind work according to the same principles as other trigger conditions:
* When all internal conditions of a trigger are met, it is considered to be working
* When at least one condition is not met - it is considered to be non-working. Triggers can be combined using the same Boolean expressions and groupings as in regular triggers
As in other triggers, you can use all trigger modes.
#### Started
Trigger activates as soon as all internal conditions of the trigger have been fulfilled and the trigger has started its work.
#### Continue
Trigger activates as soon as all internal conditions of the trigger operation have been met and the trigger is still operating.
#### Ended
Trigger activates as soon as all internal conditions of the trigger have been fulfilled and the trigger has stopped executing
Trigger links from triggers in Game Flow actually use such triggers . You can choose to use this trigger in a more convenient way.
# Object Enabled
Enabling and disabling objects through animations in a scene is a very common event in games. You can use this event in trigger conditions.
The parameters specify the object whose switching on and off is monitored by the trigger.
As in other conditions it has 3 modes
#### Started
The object has been disabled in the scene and is enabled
#### Continue
The object is enabled in the scene and continues to be enabled
#### Ended
The object has been enabled in the scene and has been disabled
# Network
Network triggers use events that occur during network game. To use network triggers, the network game mode must be enabled and objects with the network component enabled must be present.
Before learning about network triggers, we recommend that you study the Network section of this documentation
Network triggers monitor the following events:
* **Net Client Master** - monitors the event related to the transfer of functions of the main network computer in the game, which is called Master
* **Net Client Join** - monitors events related to the connection of network game clients.
* **Net Mode Enabled** - monitors events related to enabling and disabling network mode.
* **Net Object Athority** - monitors events related to obtaining the authority of game objects
* **Net Error** - monitors network errors
### Net Client Master
Net Client Master In the parameters of this trigger you can specify which client will be monitored for receiving Master:
* Any Client - any client of the network game
* Local Client - local client, current player
* Remote Client - remote client, game partners.
#### Net Client Master Started
#### 
The joined client has become a Master
#### Net Client Master Continue
The joined client has become and continues to be a Master
#### Net Client Master Ended
Client was and is no longer a Master
### Net Client Join
Net Client Master In the parameters of this trigger you can specify which client will be monitored for Joining:
* Any Client - any client of the network game
* Local Client - local client, current player
* Remote Client - remote client, game partners.
#### Net Client Joined
Client joins the game
#### Net Client Joined Continue
Client joined and remains joined to the game
#### Net Client Leave
Client has joined the game and has leave the game
### Net Mode Enabled
Net mode enabling by animating network object.
This condition have no parameters or objects.
#### Net Mode Enabled Started
Net Mode has been enabled
#### Net Mode Enabled Continue
Net Mode has been enabled and continues to be enabled
#### Net Mode Enabled Ended
Net Mode has been enabled and is disabled
### Net Object Athority
The monitoring parameter specifies the object to which the authority can be passed. The object must have a network component for its selection to be available.
#### Net Object Athority Started
The object has obtained the authority
#### Net Object Athority Continue
The object has obtained the authority and continues to be with it
#### Net Object Athority Ended
The object had authority and has been removed or transferred to another object
### Net Error
The trigger has no parameters and is triggered when network errors occur
# State Machine
**State Machine** (from the theory of algorithms) is an abstract machine that has a finite set of states and transitions between them that occur in accordance with established rules.
The state machine can have different states, but only one state can be active at a time. There are some events that switch the transition of the state machine from one state to another. As a result, the state machine can perform different actions by changing its state.
The state machine is widely used in game development for creating game mechanics.
### How to create a State Machine in MANU?
To create a State Machine in MANU, go to the Toolbar and click on the State Machine icon. After that, the State Machine will appear in the Scene Tree.
By default, the created state machine has the name State Machine, you can rename it using the right mouse button. Just click on the State Machine in the Scene Tree and select this option from a dropdown list. If you hit the State Machine in the Scene Tree, the new window will pop-up: State Machine Window.
### How to work with the State Machine Window?
Let's look at the elements of the pop-up window. In the center, there are 2 states: **State1** and **Any State**.
State 1 (with a blue icon) is the initial state of your State Machine by default.
**Any State** (with a red icon) – a special state that always exists. It is suitable for situations when it is needed to switch to a certain state, regardless of the current state of the State Machine. This is a faster way than adding an outgoing transition to each state.
Sometimes it is needed to configure transitions from all states to one. For example, when the Main Character dies, he can die being in any state. Death can occur when he is sitting or running, etc. In this case, you need to set up transitions from all states of the Main Character's state machine, which is time-consuming. For such cases, MANU provides Any State, using which you need to configure only one transition.
**Note:** Any State cannot be the final point of the transition, i.e. the transition to “any state” cannot be used to select a random state.
The Minimize/Maximize and Close buttons are located at the right end of the title bar.
### Toolbar
The toolbar is located in the upper left corner:
**SELECT** — using this tool, you can select state objects and move them;
**STATE** — you can use it to add a new state;
**CONNECTOR** – you can use it to create connections between states;
**PAN** — allows the user to quickly switch to panning the canvas. .
Furthermore, it is also possible to add a new state using the right mouse button if you first click on SELECT. You can also create a state by double-clicking on the canvas.
By right-clicking on the State, you can open the context menu with a set of actions which you can apply to the State. Using this menu, you can rename, duplicate, cut, copy, delete the state, as well as add color labels. Most of the commands are accessible via hotkeys. Furthermore, it is possible to rename the State by double-clicking on its name.
### Color labels
Color labels are used to visually design transitions from one state to another, which is very convenient when a state machine has many states and connections between them. To add labels, just right-click on the State and choose the color you want to mark it with.
### Creating Transitions between states
To set the connection between states, you first need to select Connector on the Toolbar. Then click on the State, from which you need to make a transition, and drag the line to another State holding down the left mouse button. For example, drag the line from State 1 to State 2.
A dotted line with an arrowhead will appear between these states. The dotted line means that the link between **State 1** and **State 2** has been created, but it is not configured, i.e. the rule has not been created yet. It is not described how the transition from one state to another will take place. This dotted line can be moved, its shape can be changed. All this can be done by clicking on and dragging the left mouse button. The shape of the line does not affect the transition between states. Therefore, it can be drawn in any shape.
### Configuring a Transition rule
When you click on the dotted line, a Trigger Panel will appear. Using this panel, you can create a rule for the transition from one state to another. Just choose a trigger you need.
The Trigger Panel closes when you click on any area of the State Machine Window. After creating a rule, the dotted line will turn to a solid, continuous line. It means that the connection between states has been configured; and the transition rule from one state to another is established. In addition, when you hover over the line, the transition rule will be shown in the tooltip (for example, Key Down: 0).
One state can have several connection lines with other states. Multiple transitions can be made from one state, as well as into it.
# State Machine — Example
## How does the State Machine work in the game?
Let's see how the State Machine works in MANU using the example with a door.
#### Door State Machine
First, we will add a Door and a Door State Machine to the Scene Tree via Toolbar. The size, position and rigidbody of the Door can be modified with the help of the Inspector Panel and its Tabs (Properties, Physics).
Then, we need to determine how many states and transitions between them our Door State Machine can have. Number of states of the State Machine are limited to the number of states we define in the game. Let our Door State Machine have 5 states, 5 transitions between them, and the initial state - Closed. Additionally, we will bind animations to states. So, it will help us see more clearly how the State Machine works in MANU.
| **States** | **Transitions** |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
|
Closed
Opening
Open
Closing
Destroy
|
Closed → Opening
Opening → Open
Open → Closing
Closing → Closed
Any State → Destroy
|
Now, we will move on to creating states and connections between them. Open a Door State Machine by double-clicking on it in the Scene Tree.
### Transition: Closed → Opening
Let's create a Closed and Opening states for our Door State Machine: rename “State 1” as “Closed"; add a new state and name it “Opening”. Using the Connector Tab on the Toolbar, create a connection between Closed and Opening.
#### Configuring a Transition Rule
Next step is to set the transition rule. Click on the dotted line and the Trigger Panel will appear. Using the Key trigger, we will create a transition rule for our Door State Machine from the Closed state to the Opening state. Select Key down, and enter 0 in the input field. This means that we have created the following transition rule: the door will start opening when key 0 is pressed. Now, the dotted line has become solid since the connection is configured. When you hover over the line, a description of the created rule will be shown (in our case, KeyDown: 0). Close the Door State Machine by clicking on the Closed button at the right end of the title bar.
#### Binding the State Opening to an Animation
Let's create an animation that will work with the state Opening. To add Animation to the Scene Tree, go to the Toolbar and click on the Animation icon. Let’s rename the Animation as “Animation Opening”. Now, switch to the Animation mode. Hover over the Door on the Scene Tree and add it to the Timeline using the context menu.
Let our door rise 2 meters up in 1.5 seconds, when its State Machine is in the Opening state. To do it, add an animatable parameter, clicking on the plus (+), which will appear if you hover over Door on the Timeline Panel (Properties → Position Y).
### State Machine State trigger
Now we need to create a trigger to start this animation. Switch to the Trigger Panel, and choose State Machine State. This trigger has 3 possible options:
***State Machine State Start*** – the animation will start when the state of the state machine begins. For example, the animation starts, when the state machine has switched to the state Opening
**State Machine State Stop** - the animation will start when the state machine stops or changes (when the door opening state ends).
**State Machine State Continue** – the animation will continue while the state machine is in this door opening state.
For our Door, let’s choose State Machine State Start. Next, we need to select the State Machine to which we want to bind the Animation Opening: Select State Machine Select → Door State Machine.
Then, we select the required state of the Door State Machine: Select State → Opening.
As a result, we have our Door State Machine, which switches from the Closed state to the Opening state by hitting the 0 button. When the states change (Closed → Opening), the animation of the door opening starts. Let's switch to the Game mode, and press the 0 button. Did it work? 😊
### Binding the State Closed to an Animation
Let’s also create an animation “Animation Closed” for the Closed state. Let’s say, our door changes color while the Door State Machine is in the Closed state. Add an Animation to the Scene Tree, and name it “Animation Closed”. Create a trigger to start this animation. Trigger/Timeline Panels appear when you click on the animation you need in the Scene Tree in the Animation mode. Go to the Trigger Panel, select State Machine State, then State Machine State Continue. This means that Animation Closed will run while the state machine is in the Closed state.
Next, you need to select the State Machine and the state itself to which you want to bind the Closed animation. Then, in the input fields, select:
> Select State Machine → Door State Machine;
>
> Select State → Closed.
Next, add the Door to Timeline; then, select an animatable parameter – Color. Let our door change color from white to pink while it is in the Closed state.
Ready! Switch to Game mode and see how our door changes colors while its State Machine is in the Closed state. But as soon as we press the 0 button, the animation will stop, because the Door State Machine has changed its state.
### **Transition: Opening** → **Open**
Let's create the state Open for our Door State Machine and a transition from the Opening state to the Open state.
#### Creating the State Open
Click on Door State Machine in the Scene Tree, add a new state in the pop-up window.
Click on the dotted line. Let's set up the rule when the door should switch from the Opening state to the Open state: when the Animation Opening ends. To do this, add an Animation trigger to the panel that appears; select Animation Stop from the drop-down list. Next, select the previously created Animation Opening. Thus, the transition of the Door State Machine from the Opening state to the Open state will occur when the Animation Opening ends.
### Binding the State Open to an Animation
For the Open state, we will create a new animation - Animation Open. Let the door turn green when the Door State Machine switches to the Open state.
Add a new Animation using the Toolbar , switch to the Animation mode, click on our new animation - Animation Open, then add the Door to the Timeline. Next, add an animatable parameter
Materials → Color, select the green color.
Switch to the Trigger Panel, select the State Machine State Start trigger. Next, select:
> Select State Machine → Door State Machine;
>
> Select State → Open.
In a game mode: after pressing the 0 button, the Door State Machine moved from the Closed state to the Opening state. The door opened; and the Door State Machine went from the Opening state to the Open state. As a result, the Door has turned green; the Animation Open has started.
### **Transition: Open** → **Closing**
Let's make a more interesting example when the door starts to close when the Main Character moves away from the door. To do this, you need to create a Collider. In the Toolbar, choose Collider. The size and position of the Collider can be changed by Gizmo Arrows or Properties Tab. Let's name the collider - Door Collider.
### Configuring a Transition Rule
Now, go to the Door State Machine and create a connection between the Open state and the Closing state. We create a new rule: the transition from the Open state to the Closing state occurs when the collision of our Main Character and the Collider stops. In other words, when the Main Character leaves the collider space, moves away from the door.
To do this, click on the dotted line and choose the Collision Ended trigger. Then, we select the MainCharacter Body and the Door Collider as objects of the collision.
### Animation Closing
Now let's create an animation of closing the door in the Scene Tree (using Toolbar) and name it “Animation Closing”. In Animation mode, click on Animation Closing, add our Door to the Timeline, select an animatable parameter:
> Properties → Position Y;
add the formula by which our door will close, i.e. returns to its initial position within one second (Position Y = origin -2).
Go to the Trigger Panel and create the trigger for Animation Closing. Select the State Machine
> State trigger → State Machine State Start.
Then, choose:
> Select State Machine →Door State Machine;
>
> Select State → Closing.
Therefore, as soon as the state of the Door State Machine changes from the Open state to the Closing, the Animation Closing starts. And the transition from one state to another will occur when the Main Character leaves the Door Collider.
Let's switch to the Game mode and see what we've got. For visibility, you can enable the Physics Colliders mode.
We see that the door is closed, we press 0. After that, the door opens. Let the Main Character run under the Door. When he leaves the Door Collider space, the Door State Machine changes its state to Closing, and the Door begins to close (Animation Closing has started).
### **Transition: Closing** → **Closed**
Now let's make the transition of the Door State Machine from the Closing state to the Closed state. For this purpose, we will use the Animation Closing: the Door State Machine will switch to the Closed state when Animation Closing ends.
In edit mode, open the Door State Machine and set the connection between the states Closing and Closed.
Let's set the rule for the state transition. Click on the dotted line, select the Animation Stop trigger. Next, select the animation you need, in this case, Animation Closing.
#### Results in the Game mode
Let's switch to the Game mode. The Door State Machine is in the Closed state, so the door changes color from white to pink (Animation Closed). The Animation Opening will start when the Door State Machine switches from the Closed state to the Opening state. This will happen when we press the 0 button. After that, the Door opens and at the end of the Animation Opening, the Door State Machine switches to the Open state. When the Main Character leaves the collider space, the door will begin to close (Animation Closing) and the Door State Machine will have the Closing state. As soon as the Animation Closing is over, the Door State Machine will return to its initial state - Closed state.
### Any State
We already know that Any State is a special state in the state machine; it means that a transition from any state can occur to one state. For example, in our case, the door can collapse in any state (opening, open, closing, closed).
> Any State → Destroy
Let's now configure the transition from Any State to the new state of the Door State Machine - Destroy. This will mean that the Door State Machine can switch to the Destroy state from any state (in our case, from all 4 states). To do this, you need to create a Destroy state and use the Connector tool to draw an arrow from the Any State to the Destroy state.
Next, we set up the transition rule. Click on the dotted line between Any state and Destroy and go to the Trigger Panel. Let our door collapse when we press the G button. Select the Key Down trigger and type G in the input field.
#### Animation Destroy
Let’s prepare the animation of the door collapse and name it “Animation Destroy”. Inside the door we put 4 door blocks (boxes) that together make up the size of the door. These 4 objects should be physical and dynamic, as they will fall down when the door is destroyed.
Add 4 boxes to the Scene Tree using the Toolbar and drag them into the Door. Use the Inspector Panel to set the Physics, Position and Size of the new objects.
You may also add the Initial Velocities Features to make the objects fly apart when the Door is destroyed.
Disable boxes in the Scene Tree; so, they don't fall out as soon as the game starts.
Then, switch to the Animation mode, click on Animation Destroy in the Scene Tree and the Timeline Panel will appear. Add the Door and its boxes to the Timeline. For this animation, we need to disable the main door and to enable 4 boxes.
Next, go to the Trigger Panel. The Animation Destroy should start when the Door State Machine switches to the Destroy state. Therefore, choose State Machine State Start trigger, and then select:
> Select State Machine → Door State Machine;
>
> Select State → Destroy.
Let's see what we got! Go to the Game mode, press the G button and check if the door collapses when the Door State Machine is in the closed state. How about other states?
Thus, we have created the State Machine that has 5 states and 5 transitions between them. You can repeat all of this, as well as create more complex transitions and rules for your state machine.
Go for it!
# Game Flow
When creating even a small game, it's easy to lose control of the logic of game interactions or the thread of the narrative.
To get the most control over your project, we created the Game Flow tool. It's a scene object with a visual node editor, where you can design your game before you even put a single game object on the stage.
Game Flow links between the Animation, Trigger, State Machine, and Game Flow objects and sets the interaction and narrative logic for your game.
### Creating Game Flow
To get started with Game Flow, you need to create a Game Flow object in the Stage Tree using the toolbar.
Select the Game Flow object in the scene tree by double-clicking it in the scene tree. The Game Flow editing window opens.
There are two nodes Start and End on the default Game Flow canvas, we'll talk about them in another section.
On the left side of the window, on the toolbar there is a toolbox for working with Game Flow. Select the tool for creating any node, for example animation, and click it on the canvas.
In the menu that appears, there are two options:
* Create node with creating a new object
* Create node from existing object
Choosing "With creation of new object", you will create a node and object in the scene tree, which will be located in the Game Flow hierarchy which you edit.
Choosing "From existing object" you can select an object of that type from already existing in the scene tree.
Double-clicking on the created node opens the related edit panel of the object. The timeline will open for animation, the setup panel for trigger, and the canvas of the state machine will open for the state machine.
### Game Flow Connections
The created nodes can be linked with each other:
* select the "Pointer" tool
* move the cursor to the source node (from which you want to draw the links). (For a state machine, hover over the desired stack.
* hover over the link start arrow (any arrow, they are equivalent) and holding the left mouse button drag to another node
* when you hover on the target node and it is highlighted with a blue circle, release it
* select the desired type of connection and the connection between the nodes is created.
Some nodes can only be source nodes:
* The trigger can be connected to Animations and Game Flow, but cannot be connected to other triggers and state machines.
* State machines can be connected to Animations and Game Flow, but cannot be connected to triggers and other state machines
* Node Start can be combined with Animations and Game Flow, but not with triggers and stats of other machines
Animations and Game Flow can be connected to each other in any way.
### Types of Game Flow connections
As with triggers, there are three types of connections between nodes in Game Flow.
* **Started**: means that the next node in the connection will run when the current node's object starts its work.
* **Continue** : means that the next node in the connection will work as long as the object of the current node will continue its work
* **Ended** : means that the next connected node will work when the current node object finishes its job
In fact, the trigger connections from different objects are trigger events of the related objects, all of which you can find in the lists of trigger events when you create them in the Trigger panel - Animation, Trigger, Game Flow, State Machine with state
Note: The Continue state cannot be passed to Game Flow and End nodes.
### Start and End nodes
The Start and End nodes are used when creating a Sub Game Flow. Sub Game Flow is a Game Flow that is embedded in another Game Flow.
The Start note is needed to start a Sub Game Flow. When a signal comes to the node from the client (the Game Flow which contains this Sub Game Flow), the next after the Start node is started and this Sub Game Flow is considered to be working. First the Sub Game Flow goes to the Started state, and then to Continue. All Sub Game Flow connections start working, if the Game Flow has been turned off before.
The End node is needed to stop Sub Game Flow, when the node receives a signal from internal object of this Sub Game Flow, it goes to Ended state and all its internal connections stop working.
Note: For predictable operation of nested Sub Game Flow, we recommend to turn them off inside Sub Game Flow itself or in the scene tree. In this case, no connections inside will be triggered until the Start node signal appears, even if some object inside works.
### Commentary node
To help yourself in development and not to forget what this or that object in your Game Flow is for, you can leave notes with a comment node. We strongly recommend leaving comments when you create assets that other users will use, this will greatly improve the understanding of your asset by other game developers and make your asset popular.
Create a comment node.
Write the comment you want.
If necessary, connect the comment to the desired node.
You can connect one comment node to any number of nodes.
### Combining connections with triggers
Connections between objects can be completed with trigger events. To do this, double-click on the necessary connection between objects.
Add the desired trigger events in the Game Flow Editor window in the Trigger Panel.
Now trigger events will be triggered when all conditions specified by the initial object, the trigger event type and the additional trigger event in the relation are fulfilled.
# Prefabs and Assets
An **Asset** is a term that generally stands for anything that goes into a video game – characters, objects, sound effects, maps, textures, materials, environments, etc. Asset Browser is where all the assets in MANU that you create or import from Manu Marketplace are located.
To use an asset in your game, it needs to be turned into a **Prefab**.
**Prefab** object that can be reused in the scene the number of times you want. All changes in the
**Prefab** will be passed between all **Prefab-instances** throughout the project.
How to export prefabs as asset, learn in [this chapter](/learn/manual/assets).
### Create Prefab
Prefab allows you to create, configure, and store an object complete with all its components, property values, and child objects as a reusable asset. To create a prefab, select **Create Prefab** from the drop-down menu using the `RBM`.
### Rename Prefab
To rename a prefab, select one from the Scene tree, click the `RMB` and select **Rename prefab**. If you rename the prefab, all instances of the same prefab will be renamed as well.
Please note that each prefab’s name consists of two parts: ` -
, which will appear when you hover over the Base texture. Just click on it and a texture picker will appear together with an option to Import texture.
Note: If several texture maps are used, they must be of the same size.
### **Normal map setting**
We can modify the Normal map using a Normal setting option in the Material Panel.
* click on it, then upload the already prepared baked ARM map or Import it from your computer.
If you need to upload all 3 texture maps (Ambient Occlusion, Roughness and Metallic) separately:
* hover over the ARM in the Material Panel, you will see a control 
;
* click on it, then upload or import the maps you need.
Note: If several texture maps are used, they must be of the same size.
### **Ambient Occlusion map setting**
AOC setting allows you to adjust the desired level of shading on the object, by moving the slider.
**Numeric variables**, can be compared to numbers and other numeric variables
* 
**Boolean variables**, can only be compared to boolean or numeric variables. When comparing with numeric variables, the value is false=0, true=1.
* 
**Variables of object type**, can be compared only with variables of object type. Comparison can be performed only by conditions (=) or (≠)
* 
**Variables of the tag type**, can be compared only with variables of the tag type. Comparison can be made only by conditions (=) or (≠).
Comparison of variables of different types has no sense (except for numeric and boolean variables) and will be triggered only when comparing by (≠).
Events are tracked by 4 states Started, Continue, End,False
#### Comparsion Started
The trigger is activated as soon as the specified expression becomes true. If it has been true since the game started, the trigger will not work.
#### Comparsion Continue
The trigger activates and continues as long as the specified expression remains true.
#### Comparsion Ended
The trigger activates as soon as the specified expression is no longer true. If it has been false since the game started, the trigger will not work.
#### Comparsion False
The trigger activates and continues its operation as long as the specified expression remains incorrect.
# Game Flow
The Game Flow trigger detects events related to operating certain Game Flow .
A Game Flow trigger consists of one property, Game Flow name.
Conditions are tracked by three trigger modes: Started, Continue, End.
#### How Game Flow define modes Started, Continue, End
